^ENEWYORKBOTANICALGABlg^ Jfiret IReport ♦ ♦. on the .. ♦ Jl lora of XKn^oming !\ UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING. Agricultural College Department. WYOMING EXPERIMENT STATION, LARAMIE, WYOMING. MAY, 1896. tK)TA QAKOBN First Report on the Flora of Wyoniif BY THE BOTANIST. (A^lH^AjliUk^u^ Bulletins will be sent free upon request. Address : Director Experiment Station, Laramie, Wyo. —4 Agricultural Experiment Station. UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING. BOARD OF TRUSTEES. Hon. STEPHEN W. DOWNEY, President, Laramie, - - 1897 GRACE RAYMOND HEBARD, Secretary, Cheyenne, - - - 1897 OTTO GRAMM, Laramie, -.-----. 1897 Hon. M. C. BROWN, Laramie, ---.... igg^ Prof. JAMES O. CHURCHILL, Cheyenne, - - . . ,899 Hon. JAMES A. McAVOY, Lander, ---... iggg, Hon. timothy F. BURKE, Cheyenne, - - - - - 190 1 Hon. JOHN C. DAVIS, Treasurer, Rawlins, - . . . jgoj Hon. CARROLL H. PARMELEE, Buffalo, . . . _ 1901 State Supt. ESTELLE REEL, --.... Ex- Officio President ALBINUS A. JOHNSON, Ex- Officio Agricultural Committee of the Board of Trustees. OTTO GRAMM, Chairman, - - - - . . Laramie S. W. DOWNEY, - - - Laramie M. C. BROWN, -----.--. Laramie President of the University of Wyoming. A. A. JOHNSON, A. M., D. D. Station Council. A. A. JOHNSON, A. M., D. D., G. R. HEBARD, A. M., Ph. D. B. C. BUFFUM, M. S., J. D. CONLEY, A. M., Ph. D., AVEN NELSON, M. S., A. M., E. E. SLOSSON, M. S., - W. C. KNIGHT, A. M., Director Secretary Agriculturist and Horticulturist Physicist and Meteorologist Botanist Chemist Geologist Superintendents. JACOB S. MEYER, - . - . Lander E.xperiment Farm JOHN D. PARKER, - - - Saratoga Experiment F'arm JOHN F. LEWIS, - - - - Sheridan Experiment Farm A. E. HOYT, ... . , Sundance Experiment Farm MARTIN R. JOHNSTON, - - Wheatland Experiment Farm B. C. BUFFUM, - - - Wyoming University Experiment Farm The Horticulturist in Charge, Wyoming University Experiment Grounds TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE. Introduction 47 Collecting trips 48 Plant zones 5^ The plains flora 60 Flora of the foothills 62 The mountain flora 63 The trees of the state 64 The floras of the Atlantic and of the Pacific slopes 65 Introduced plants 66 Hardiness of native plants ■ 67 Floral calendar 67 Botanical work in the state. 68 Nomenclature and citations 69 Cryptogams 70 Acknowledgments 70 Explanations 71 List of collecting localities, with approximate altitudes 72 LIST OF SPECIES 75 Appendix to List of Species and corrections 204 New species and varieties 206 Lists of plants reported by other collectors 207 Summary 213 Index to genera 215 ERRATA. Page 83 read Erysimum for Erisymum. Page 99 read Glycyrrhiza for Glyceria. Page 170 read Monolepis for Monolepsis. Page 199 read Cryptogram me for Chryptogramma. Page 142 line 5 from bottom read Triassic for Tertiary, ^r> •ff*^."-1 ^w ^* k >> 1 1 i ». 5 i f i O •£ " -I S2 6 -I s ■ UJ =« I^IP^ST FeEF^Ot^TT FLORA OF WYOMING. BY AVEN NELSON. INTRODUCTION. Among the duties planned by and for the Botanist of the Experin:ient Station for the year 1894 were the fol- lowing : 1. To study the Fungi affecting the ordinary farm crops and the best means of combatting the same. 2. To give attention to the weed question, with a view to finding effective methods for exterminating or preventing the spread of the more troublesome ones. 3. The building up of the herbarium. 4. The preparation of a report upon the flora of the state. These all received attention to the extent of the time that could be spared from other imperative duties, such as those of the classroom and the routine work of the Station, but it was found necessary to continue the same subjects for 1895. During that time one phase of the first has had attention in Bulletin No. 21, "The Smut of Grains and Potato Scab;" the second in Bulletin No. 19, " Squrrel-Tail Grass (Fox-Tailj," our worst weed, and a Press Bulletin on the "Russian Thistle." The third has, of course, gone on incidentall}' with and preparatory to the fourth. — 5 - • 48 Wyoming Experiment Station. Although what has been done in the study of the flora of the state has cost no little time and labor yet the work seems but barely begun. The preparation of a full and reasonably inclusive report on the flora of a great state of nearly 100,000 square miles would be the work of years for a corps of men devoting their full time to the matter in hand, so one man with a full slate of college teaching and other Experiment Station duties, besides that of working up the flora, would lose courage were it not for the absorbing interest of the subject itself. Since to delay the report until it should be approximately com- plete would project it far into the future and might pos- sibly result in its never being published, it has seemed advisable to publish the results thus far attained. As the work goes on and results accumulate, other reports may, from time to time, appear to record the additions. COLLECTING TRIPS. The basis for the following brief report and the cata- logue of species rests mainly upon the collections made by the writer in 1894 and in 1S95. With one exception, as given below, no systematic work in collecting had previously been done. In 1892, Prof. B. C. Buffum, at that time acting botanist of the Station, spent the mid-summer months in the field collect- ing — primarily to secure for the University and the Sta- tion a collection of the native grasses and forage plants, an exhibit of which was to be made at the World's Fair at Chicago in 1893. Incidently much more was done, for a considerable amount of good material, other than grasses, must be put down to the credit of the expedition. From this material were obtained the numbers which formed the nucleus of the present collection in our her- First Report on the Flora of IVyoinijig. 49 barium. Quite a large part of the state was covered dur- ing this trip, extending from Laramie, on the south, to Lander and the Wind River Mountains on the north-west, to Sheridan and the Big Horn Mountains on the north, and Sundance, Fort Laramie, and Wheatland on the east. How many numbers were collected, I am unable to state, as no field or collection numbers were made use of, but in the succeeding catalogue of plants those species where no collection number is noted, are generally to be credited to this expedition. In the Graminese and Cyperaceae much the larger number of species are the result of this earlier expedition in which these groups received such thorough- going attention that in the later collecting trips it seemed advisable to concentrate attention upon the other Phaner- ogams. It may be of interest to give briefly the history of the field work that furnished the material upon which this report rests. 1894. During the continuance of the spring term of school, operations had to be confined to Laramie and adjacent territory. Mornings and evenings, holidays and Satur- days were used with all diligence. The most distant point reached was Table Mountain, about twenty miles to the east, and on the west the Laramie River served a.s boundary line. Limited as was the area covered and late as seasons are at this altitude, June 30 saw 300 numbers collected and stored in duplicate. At the annual meeting of the Board of Trustees at the close of the school year, provision was made for an expedition to go into the field during the summer vaca- tion, in the interest of the departments of geology and 50 IVjoining' Experiment Station. botany. Preparations for setting out were perfected as rapidly as possible, but it was not until July 7 that the start was made. Beside the writer THE PARTY consisted of W. C. Knight, Professor of Geology in the University and Geologist of the Station; Mr. W. H. Reed, who furnished a large part of the outfit for the ex- pedition; Mr. Geo. M. Cordiner, a student at the Univer- sity, who accompanied the party as the writer's assistant.* The expenses of the expedition were reduced to a minimum as they consisted of only the actual living ex- penses of the party in the field, plus the expense incident to securing the services of Mr. Reed, with his two teams and wagons and one saddle horse. The camp equipage consisted of all the necessary utensils, ample bedding, a tent, (which, owing to the perfect weather, was rarely used), a stock of groceries, besides the necessary ap- paratus for collecting in both botany and geology. The botanist's outfit may be of interest and was as follows: Two ordinary-sized tin collecting cans, one of which had a number of small compartments at the end for diminutive and delicate objects, and one large tin vascu- lum — so large that it was always referred to as the "tin trunk." This was indispensable during the long moun- tain trips, when it was a desideratum to be able to bring back once for all a large amount of material. The most efficient instrument for uprooting plants, both on the plains and among the rocks in the mountains, was found *It is with deep sorrow that I record the death of this noble young man. On March 14, I895 he received fatal injuries during a fire in Lajamic by being caught under the fall- ing walls of a building from which he was helping to remove goods. While in the field he greatly endeared himself to the writer by his constant cheerfulness, his remarkable faith- fulness to duty, his high efficiency and his moral worth. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 51 to be a carpenter's strong chisel about three-fourths of an inch broad. Of course, a stout knife is not to be omitted from any collecting outfit. Five plant presses were carried and found none too many at times, but at other times two would have been more than enough. Four of these were slat presses, the pressure in two being applied by straps and in the other two by cords as in the Acme press. The fifth, and most import- ant one, was a screw - press and as it filled its pur- pose so admirably and proved so val- uable an adjunct to the outfit, I add here a figure and brief description. The base and the top bars are of oak, 2 X 4^ X 20 inches, the dis- tance between them being 21 one-half inch bolts inches apart. To inches. They so placed as are united by to be eiszhteen 52 Wyoming Experiment Station. keep the base and top in place when the pres- sure is relaxed strips of board \^a\ inches are nailed to the ends. The floor to receive the package of plants is 1 2x1 8 inches, made by nailing pine board | inches thick crosswise of the base. The screw is a |-inch bolt with i 5 threads to the inch, about 15 inches thread bearing. A square nut is sunk on the under side of the top bar and held in position by a piece of tin tacked over it, the tin having a circ-ular hole in it large enough to admit the bolt. The follower is made of a strip of pine 1x5x18 inches, crosswise on which is nailed pine board | of an inch thick, making the surface I2xi8 inches. On the upper face of the follower is fastened a small flat piece of iron with a sunk center to receive the end of the screw. The projecting end of the screw is made square, on which a removable handle with a square slot is used. This homely, home-made press has the following advantages: It will furnish all the pressure that can pos- sibly be desired; a large quantity of material can be han- dled at one time; coarse harsh plants can be forced into shape and held there; pacKages that have been in the screw press for twenty-four hours can be satisfactorily handled in the strap presses; moisture can be forced out so rapidly that by frequent change of driers the drying of the material may be considerably hastened; natural colors can be preserved in plants that by ordinary means would blacken; it furnishes a safe and convenient way for carry- ing the material while in press and in every way greatly facilitates the making of good flat specimens. It was found that the capacity of this press is much greater than its dimensions would indicate. With a good quality of carpet felt for driers and single pressing sheets, First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 53 cut to size (newspaper quality, unprinted), it was possible to do good and rapid work. Experience shows that more plants are spoiled by too little than by too much pressure. ROUTE AND PRINCIPAL CAMPS. The accompanying map will indicate the route in a general way but of course cannot show the miles and miles of ground covered in the vicinity of the various camps, nor the wide detours made on horseback during the days the party was traveling. At a rough guess, more than two-thirds of the time was spent on the road, as the distance covered was upwards of 1,000 miles. The days of travel were busy ones for the Botanist and his assistant, for at noon the collections of the morn- ing were put into press, the driers on all the other recent material were changed, the damp driers thrown out on the hot sand and again collected. When camp was made for the night the afternoon collections were cared for, and, if they chanced to be heavy, the task was often completed by the campfire. To enter into a detailed account of the journey would take up too much space, possibly to no purpose, so the following skeleton account must suffice: The route from Laramie took a north-east direction over the Laramie Hills past Grant, Wheatland and Uva postoffices to the Platte River, where camp was made July 10. After four days the camp was moved in turn to Hartville, a mining district, to Whalen Canon, and to the Mexican Mines. From this place a side trip was made by the Botanist and his assistant to Lusk. Camp was broken at the Mexican Mines on July 22, and the Platte River again reached at Orin Junction. From this place the river was followed 54 Wyoniifig Experiment Station. to Bessemer, passing in turn Douglas, Glenrock and Cas- per. From Bessemer, Poison Spider Creek was followed to its head near Garfield Peak in the Rattlesnake Moun- tains. Camp for a day was made on Wallace Creek at the foot of the peak. Up to that date, July 29, this was the richest collecting ground so far encountered. The road from there to the Big Popo Agie river lay across a barren desert, whose few streams were dry and the occasional springs mere mud holes, strongly impreg- nated with alkali. The evening of July 30, caught us at Alkali Springs, a bog so densely impregnated with salt that only the almost famished horses could swallow a mouthful, and to one or two of the animals the draught came near proving fatal. There was no grass except an occasional stalk of salt- marsh gvdiSS-Distic/dis maritima ^nd Triglochin niaritima. Thirsty as every member of the party was, after an all day's drive on the burning plain, not even coffee made from such water could be swallowed. Just at sunset a diminutive shower fell, and a dusty wagon sheet was called into service to catch the precious drops. As the little pool formed in the sagging center of the canvas what delicious draughts of nectar, thickened with the dust of many days, were dipped up with the old tin cups. At four o'clock next morning, breakfastless, the party started for Beaver Creek, twelve miles distant. Breakfasting here where water was good and abundant, even the weakened horses were somewhat revived, though feed was still very scarce. Early in the afternoon the Big Popo Agie was reached by hard effort, and here three days were spent in camp to allow the sick and famished horses to recuperate. Water and grass First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 55 were both abundant, and the horses soon showed the effect of better treatment. August 3, the camp was moved to Lander, where a stop of twenty-four hours was made, after which the ex- pedition proceeded to and up the Big Wind River. The route lay across the Shoshone Indian Reservation, one camp being made at Fort Washakie. It was found nec- essary to ford the Big Wind River thirteen times before Dubois postoffice was reached. This is the last outpost of civilization on the river and it is near this place that the trail-over the Wind River Mountains through Union Pass leads off from the river. The ascent through the pass was begun on August 10, the summit of the range being reached early on the iith. A most varied and beautiful vegetation was pres- ent on every hand all the way up, and at the highest point in the pass, about 9,500 feet, the open parks among the Spruce groves were covered with the wildest profu- sion of flowers — a veritable botanist's paradise. Two full days were spent here, but that was far too short a time even though the days were considerably lengthened out by the cheerful evening and early morning campfires. Union Peak, with its snow banks, the moist, dense copses on its slopes and the small fertile valleys at its base rivalled each other in the richness of their treasures. The days were slipping by and the stay could not be prolonged even here, so on the 14th we turned our faces toward the three Teton peaks, whose lofty summits, though yet a hundred miles away, were seen from our present point of vantage standing out against the pellu- cid sky like mighty spires, their seamed and snow-flecked faces shining with a radiance possible only in such an 56 Wyojuing Experiment Station. atmosphere as this. Over trails all but impassable, up hill and down dale, most laboriously we advanced and at last, on the i8th, camp was made in a Cottonwood grove on the banks of the Snake River in Jackson's Hole, near the foot of the Grand Teton. Here some days were spent, during which an ascent of the Grand Teton was made. On the 20th three of us began the ascent. That night was spent on the shore of a small lake at about 9,500 feet. The next morning the more precipitous slopes were scaled, but at about 11,000 feet further progress was stopped by a frightful chasm which entirely cut off all communication with the spire- like summit that still towered above us. The descent was made more rapidly, and at nightfall on the 21st we were again in camp, loaded down with the collections of that and the preceding day. This camp marked the most distant point reached by the expedition and on the afternoon of the 22nd the return journey was begun. The route lay up the Gros Ventre River, up Bacon Creek and over the divide separat- ing it from Green River. On reaching Green River we camped for twenty-four hours, after which we proceeded to Cora postofifice on New Fork. At this point the route took a general south-east course, skirting the foot hills on the west of the W^ind River range. The following streams were crossed in succession, viz: New Fork, Boulder Creek, East Fork, Silver, Willow, and Muddy Creeks, the Big and the Little Sandy. This brought us to South Pass City, the oldest mining camp in the Wind River Mountains, thirty miles south of Lander. At this point, on September i, the writer found it necessary to sever his connection with the expedition and First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 57 return to Laramie. Mr. Cordiner remained with the party, and, although it was becoming late in the collect- ing season and the route lay through a rather barren region, made doubly so by the large flocks of sheep that had been driven over the range, yet a number of interesting species were secured, but unfortunately, most of this material was lost by the burning of a car in the Laramie yards the night of its arrival. The writer was in the field eight weeks and two days and the other members of the party ten weeks and three days. During this extended tiip 900 numbers were made (including some that were secured after the return to Laramie), which, added to the 300 collected during the spring, made 1,200 numbers for the season of 1894. These were all collected in duplicate, ten or more sheets of each number being prepared w^henever the material could be procured. This omniverous collecting resulted in quite a percentage of duplicates, so that the actual num- ber of species, not counting forms, was probably not much abfjve 1,000. 1895. In 1895 it was not found possible to spend even the whole of the vacation in the field but all available time was utilized during the entire season. Especial effort was directed toward procuring such species as were not secured in 1894, and it seemed wise to concentrate effort upon a much more limited area. To this end four expe- ditions were planned and carried out. The first one left Laramie June 27, going to the east and working Pole Creek, Table Mountain and adjacent territory, 103 species being secured. The second left Laramie July 25, camp being established at Cummins 58 IVyoining- Experiment Station. City, from which point the surrounding mountains and valleys were scoured and resulted in 123 numbers. The third expedition left for Laramie Peak, seventy-five miles distant, on August 3 and returned with 117 numbers. The fourth made two camps, one in the Centennial Valley and one at the La Plata Mines near the summit of the Medicine Bow (Snowy) range. From these two points adjacent territory was worked and yielded 192 species, many of them quite rare. Besides the above species, there were collected at various times during the season 135 numbers, making a total for 1895 of 670 numbers. As these were all in du- plicate, approximately in tens, the total number was near 6,700. Of the 670 species about one-half are new as com- pared with the collections of 1894. PLANT ZONES. Recent writers have made much of plant zones as limited by given lines of elevation. There is, no doubt, considerable truth in the theory that fairly well marked belts are found, but I think it is possible to overestimate the importance as well as the distinctiveness of such zones. There are so many other factors that enter into the problem, such as moisture, soil and exposure that its solution becomes peculiarly difficult. The zones sink and rise in conformity as much with the configuration of the land, the absence or presence of arboreal vegetation, the character of the soil and the amount of moisture as in respect to the altitude. The monotony of the grassy plain gives place to a veritable garden if but a few clay hummocks or stony points and ravines interrupt its interminable length. Seven thousand feet with one ex- First Report on the Flora of IVyontiJig. 59 posure may produce a more truly Alpine flora than 9,000 feet with another. Many species hold their own at almost all altitudes, and beginning with the lower altitudes, are successively in blossom throughout the season at higher and higher elevations. On the other hand, in given areas, a few certain plants are never met with except within a given range of elevation, but this given elevation differs for dif- ferent parts of even the same state. It seems to be a a relative point depending as much upon the elevation of the surrounding country as upon the actual elevation above sea-level. It follows, therefore, that plant zones can only be established for a given area, as for instance, the Laramie Plains and the mountains that rise on either hand of it. It has been well pointed out by Dr. Coville in his report on the "Botan}- of the Death Valley Expedition" that only certain plants can be taken to mark zonal lines. That only a few comply with the two characteristics of a good zonal plant, \'iz: "It shall have a definite termina- tion at the borders of a zone or at lines substantially par- allel thereto, but closer together." "That the belt of a zonal plant should be continuous." In any region I think this may be found true of a very small number of plants, but the large majority which have to be fitted into these zones will so overlap from zone to zone that no sharp distinctions can be drawn. Of course, between the lowest and the highest zone of a given area the character- istics are quite distinctive. These represent essentially different floras with as little in common as the vegetation of the plains and that of the adjacent mountains. In this report it has not seemed wise to try to estab- 6o IVyomiiig Experiment Station. lish the vertical zones on account of the comparatively limited observations yet made within the wide borders of a great state. Rather something may be said of certain "areas or characteristic regions. THE PLAINS FLORA. The regions referred to as plains differ greatly in respect to soil, rainfall and altitude. All are compara- tively level tracts of land devoid of arboreal vegetation, if one excepts the occasional border of Cottonwoods on stream banks. In this report no mention can be made of the plains of the north-eastern, nor of the south-western parts of the state, for these regions are yet to be visited. It is, however, well known that both these regions differ materially from the rest of the state and from each other. The former, with a considerable rainfall and "gumbo" soil; the latter, sandy soil and a minimum of rain. Care- ful exploration in these two regions will add a large num- ber of species to the list of the state. The plains from which we have reports, meagre as yet, are the Laramie Plains; the plains lying east of the Laramie Mountains, and south of Lusk; those bordering on the Platte River, and those northward from the Platte through the center of the stat« to Lander; the plains ad- jacent to Wind River, and those of the upper part of the Green River valley; also the Gros Ventre valley, and Jack- son's Hole. Through this latter mountain-enclosed, pla- teau-like plain flows Snake River. All of these may again be classified, either as a whole or in part as: I. Sandy, or gravelly plains. 2. Alkali plains. To the first class belong those whose soil is compara- tively free from alkali and whose characteristic shrub, First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 6 1 when any is present, is the common sage brush {^Arte- misia tridentata). The characteristic undershrub is some form of Bigelovia, indiscriminately called White Sage, Rabbit Brush, Golden Rod, etc. Plains of this character may also be denominated grassy plains. The grasses on these of course vary greatly as to the species and the lux- uriance of their growth. The following are among those of most frequent occurrence: Agropyriim glaucum., A. 'violacenm, Boiiteloua oligostachya, and B. racemosa, Buch- loa dactyloides, Koeleria cristata, one or two Festncas and several Poas. Along water courses and in boggy places, as well as in over-irrigated places, these are replaced or become mixed with many species of Juncns, Scirpiis and Carex. Sometimes Foxtail {Hordeiun juba- tum) takes complete possession. The second class. — The plains strongly impregnated with alkali (sodium carbonate or sodium sulphate), are in some instances nearly devoid of vegetation, but more usually we find several characteristic plants. If the alkali be sodium sulphate the characteristic shrub is Sar- cobatiis veriiiic2ilatns, the well-known Grease Wood. On sodium carbonate soil, this, if not replaced by, has mingled with it some form of Atrip/ex, usually A. confer- tifolia, frequently called White Sage. Other species of A triplex, mostly annuals, are found in this character of soil, and if the soil is very strongly impregnated, as on the shores of salt-marshes and partially dried up alkali lakes, the various species of A triplex, of Siieda and of Salicornea are often the only vegetation. In real alkali bogs we find Distichlis maritima, Triglochin maritima and T. pahistre as the most characteristic vegetation. The other areas may be spoken of as the foot-hills and the mountains. 62 Wyotning' Experiment Station. FLORA OF THE FOOT-HILLS. Two kinds of foot-hills must be recognized, viz: wooded and denuded. The denuded slopes are of course much dryer and a large part of the year devoid of all streams. These foot-hills, if stony or gravelly, are cov- ered with Cercocarpus parvifoliiis, RIius tridentata, Ainel- anchier alnifolia, Piirsliia tridentata — one or more in varying proportion. The intervening valleys, if soil is, fertile, are usually covered with sage brush. The herba- ceous vegetation in such foot-hills is so varied that no list can be offered here, but the following genera are well represented: Draba, Astragalus, Potentilla, Actinella, ErigeroJi, Senecio, Krynitckia, Phlox, Penstemon, and Poa. If the soil contains alkali, the above-mentioned shrubs give place to Grease Wood, and the herbaceous vegetation largely disappears. The wooded foot-hills are less common, but they occur at intervals in the Laramie range, much more fre- quently in the Medicine Bow Mountains and the Wind River range. The arboreal vegetation consists of only a few species, unless one includes the Willows that skirt most of the streams that flow from the higher mountains. Lodge Pole Pine, Douglas Spruce, Rocky Mountain White Pine, Black Cottonwood {Populus angnstifolia) and more rarely Blue bpruce, Engelmann's Spruce and Ryd- berg's Cotton wood (/'tf/'?/'///' J." acuminata) are the most fre- quently met with. The shrubs are more varied and in- clude, besides those mentioned for the drier hills, Junip- erus, Prumis, Willows and Quaking Asp. The latter in some places becomes a small tree and is in fact found at all altitudes along streams or on hill-sides below snow First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 63 banks. The smaller vegetation likewise includes a much greater number of species, each of which apparently strives for the mastery and produces the most beautiful confusion of forms. THE MOUNTAIN FLORA. Some of the mountain ranges are quite heavily tim- bered, notably the Medicine Bow and Wind River ranges. The Laramie Mountains are wooded only in part and some of these areas very sparsely. Other ranges are known to be wooded, but I speak only of those I have visited. The summits of the Laramie Mountains are mostly rounded and undulating, and on these we find a scattering growth of Rocky Mountain Yellow Pine {Pinus ponderosa scopulornni) and occasionally, some straggling, stunted specimens of the Virginia Juniper. Wherever we find the range broken by more abrupt slopes, deeper canons and water courses, the arboreal vegetation as- sumes the character of a forest, and in some districts fur- nishes valuable lumber. This is the case at Laramie Peak and on some of the spurs that run out from it. The forests consist mostly of Douglas Spruce, Rocky Moun- tain White Pine and Lodge Pole Pine. Much the larger part of the Medicine Bow Mountains are heavily wooded, and it is from these forests that the larger part of the native lumber used in the southern part of the state is obtained. About the same species prevail as in the Laramie Mountains, with the addition of the Blue Spruce and Engelmann's Spruce. The White Pine {^Pinwi flexiliiis) and Douglas Spruce form much the larger part of the whole. The latter, along the streams at the foot of the ranges, reaches its greatest size and it grad- —6 64 Wyoming Expei'tnient Station. ually comes to form a larger proportion of the whole until at 9,000 feet and upward it constitutes practically an unbroken forest to the exclusion of other species. At timber line it becomes scattering, dwarfed and depressed, spreading out like a huge mat under the enormous pres- sure of the winter snows. Practically the same conditions prevail in the Wind River Mountains, and probably, though I cannot speak from observation, in the Big Horn Mountains. Of the fruticose and herbaceous vegetation I need not speak here, although the summits of these ranges yield many beautiful and strictly alpine forms. These all receive comment in their proper place in the list, so space may not be consumed for that purpose here. T^E TREES OF THE STATE. A list of the trees of the state is indeed very short and were those on the border line between trees and shrubs excluded in would be shorter yet by a third. Rocky Mountain Yellow Pine {Phiiis ponderosa scopuloruvi). Rocky Mountain White Pine {Plniis Jiexilis). Lodge Pole Pine {Pintts Murray atia). Engelmann's Spruce [Picea Engelmatini). Blue Spruce {Pkca pungeiis). Douglas Spruce {^Pseiidotsuga Douglasii). VwgmiA ]\in\\)tv [Juniperics Virginiana). Black Cottonwood {Popu/iis ajigustifolia). Rydberg's Cottonwood {Populus acuminata). Quaking Asp. Aspen {Popiilics tremuloidts). Willow (ySalix lojt^ifo/ia). Willow {Salix flavescens). Willow {Salix amygdaloides). Willow (^Salix lasiandra). Green Ash {Fraxiniis viridis). ' Box Elder {Negundo aceroides). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 65 Scrub Oak {(luerciis iindtdata) Wild Plum {Primus Americana). Wild Cherry {Prumcs demtssa). Wild Cherry {Prtinus P'irginiana). Hawthorn (^Cratcegus rivularis). Hawthorn {Cratagus Doi/g/asii). Service Berry {Amelaiichier alttifolid). ( Eleag n us argen tea ) . Buftalo Berry {Shepherdia argented). Black Birch {Betula occiden/a/is). Black Alder {A/nus incaiia virescetts). Sage Brush [Artemisia tridentata). In a few localities of the state occasional specimens of Sage Brush attain a remarkable size- — small trees in fact — so that a man on horseback may ride erect underneath the branches. Other species have been reported but until the speci- mens are at hand they will not be listed. The number of shrubby plants is so great that to list them separately would be to reprint a large part of the succeeding sys- tematic list. THE FLORAS OF THE PACIFIC AND THE ATLANTIC SLOPES. I have had no opportunity to compare the floras of the two regions except in so far as the plants on the wes- tern side of the Wind River range and those of Jackson's Hole and the Tetons, all of which are on the Pacific slope, may be compared with those on the eastern side of the Wind River Mountains and those of the south-eastern part of the state, which represent the Atlantic slope. Such examination has led to the conclusion that the con- tinental divide, though dividing the waters, does not sep- arate floras. The two regions have a far larger number 66 IVyoming' Experiment Station. in common than they have of forms that are distinct. While my collection lists show much that is different, I firmly believe that the difference is due mainly to the season in which each was collected. I am confirmed in this by an examination of the lists given in Dr. J. M. Coulter's report on the Botany of the Hayden U. S. Geo- logical Survey, 1872. These lists comprise those col- lected, I. On both slopes; 2. Only on the eastern slope, and 3. Only on the western slope. Those of the last list were collected in the earlier part of the season, and a remarkable number are the same as those of my list for the eastern slope during the same months. Different localities and seasons yield different results, but complete collections would reveal no abrupt transitions; Iowa and Utah, for instance, have different floras, but any fifty or one hundred miles between, even at the summit of the Rockies, will show only the most gradual substitutions. One form disappears, a new one appears, but this occuis with a change of locality in any direction. On the plains of the Platte and its tributaries Cleome integrifolia only is found, while on Wind River and its tributaries Cleome lutea is the only form. INTRODUCED PLANTS. By introduced plants reference is made only to such as grow without cultivation. Most of them may properly be called "Weeds." This is an ever-growing list and will soon include a large part of those familiar to the eastern farmer. The extension of our agricultural inter- ests of course includes the importation of seed, and rarely is any kind of seed free from weed seeds. Some of our weeds, however, are native plants and thrive immensely First Report on the Flora of Wyouiing. 67 under cultivation. Those of special Interest receive notice in the proper place in the list, and possibly a future bulletin may deal with the weed problem in this state. HARDINESS OF NATIVE PLANTS. The power to withstand frost, so remarkably devel- oped in mountain floras, has undoubtedly often been remarked upon before, but it is, nevertheless, unceasingly a cause of wonder. To see great beds of Phlox, Merten- sia, Gilia, Actinella and scores of others in full bloom at times when the temperature at night is 5 '-' to 20 ° F. , below the freezing point is a phenomenon that can scarcely be explained. That reduced atmospheric pres- sure plays an important part in preventing injury, I think must be accepted, for the same plants at lower altitudes would perish. The following observation goes to prove this: Late in August in 1890, a plot of potatoes was noted in full blossom at Mountain Home, elevation about 9,000 feet. Observations on three successive days showed no trace of injury though on both of the interven- ing nights there were heavy white frosts and films of ice formed on water pails. Such a degree of cold would have absolutely killed potatoes at sea-level. FLORAL CALENDAR. In 1894 every effort was made to keep pace with the floral procession. At the altitude of the Laramie Plains, (7,000 feet), Spring opens comparatively late. April fur- nishes very few objects of interest to the botanist. The earliest flowers are Phlox ceespitosa and Tozunsendia se- ricea^ both of which expand their blossoms scarcely above the surface of the ground. These are soon followed by Wyoming Experiment Station. some small Umbelliferce, among which Cymopteriis inon- taaus may be noted. Toward the end of the month a few more begin to appear on the plains and in the foot-hills, all of which possess either large, fleshy, perennial roots, as Leucocrinum uiontaniini, Museniian trachycarpnm and Peucedaaiun mmdicaule, or else they have large woody subterranean stems from which spring the small leaves and numerous flowers that spread out in dense mats or cushions upon the cold soil. Such are Astragalus spatii- latus and Astragalus sericoleiicus. Among the rocks in sheltered nooks are also two Mcrtensias, lanceolata and alpina. With the advent of May, or sometimes earlier, the little Drabas, glacialis and alpina tinge the naked rocks with yellow. In the moister canons our earliest Buttercup, Rannncnlus glaberrinius, and the Wind-flower, Anemone patens Nnttalliana, are found. Very slowly through May, for cold days and snow- storms are far from rare, the number grows so that the diligent observer may find several score. From this time on the forms crowd upon each other in rapid succession and one soon loses track of the order of their coming. June is the floral month of the plains, July of the lower mountains and August is the month of months in the high altitudes. September has something of worth everywhere and a few forms linger late into October. BOTANICAL WORK IN THE STATE. So far as I have been able to learn there are no other workers in systematic botany in the state, nor are there any other herbaria, public or private. On this account I have been unable to make comparison of our specimens with those from other localities in the state. First Rep07't on the Flora of Wyoming. 69 As before stated the following list is based wholly up- on specimens in our herbarium. Plants reported as in the state are not included but appended in separate lists, each under heads showing by whom and from what local- ity reported. NOMENCLATURE AND CITATIONS. As the discussion of the nomenclature question is still waxing warm, happily with less acerbity than before, it has seemed almost a matter of indifference what view of the question was taken with reference to this report. Not that it is a matter of indifference to any worker in the field of botany, but the question seems so far from settle- ment that one may still expect almost any solution. Stability is the object all have in view and those who pub- lish work of any kind will use that nomenclature which seems to them to offer the greatest chances for perma- nency. So long as different adherents of the so-called "new nomenclature" are far from agreed among them- selves, as witness recent publications, there is small in- ducement to abandon a fairly satisfactory system. That there is room for improvement none will deny, but until there is international agreement we shall hardly reach a permanent, much less an ideal nomenclature. I greatly regret that citations in many instances are quite incomplete. Meager library facilities must be my excuse. Where the recent "List of Pteridophyta and Sper- maphyta of the Northeastern United States" recommends a name, different from that used in this report, such name is given as a synonym without citation. For the citations given I am often indebted to the 70 Wyoming Experiment Station. above list ; to recent publications from the Division of Botany, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture ; to various publica- tions from the Gray Herbarium and to several other papers and reports. CRYPTOGAMS. In 1894 no Cryptogams were collected except a few- Ferns. In 1895 efforts were made to secure the Mosses as well. No attention was given to the other groups but incidentally a few Lichens and Fungi were picked up. In future collecting it is purposed to give more attention to this part of the flora. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. I have pleasure in acknowledging the generous as- sistance of the various members of the collecting party of 1894. To Prof. W. C. Knight I am indebted for speci- mens and information in the field and subsequently for literature and data upon various topics. The services rendered by Prof. B. C. Buffum in the field I have pre- viously mentioned ; his continued interest and occasional assistance is greatly appreciated. To Mrs. Celia A. Nelson much credit is due for her painstaking care in the preparation of specimans and her devotion to the work during the expeditions of 1895. The task of putting this manuscript in shape for the printer is work for which I am also largely indebted to her. For assistance in the determination of certain groups I am greatly indebted to the following specialists: To Dr. B. L. Robinson, to whom a considerable number were submitted for comparison and determination. For careful reports upon these I am indebted to him and Mr. M. L. Fernald. Certain orders and genera were sub- First Report on the Flora of Wyomijig. 71 mitted only in part as follows: Astragalus to Prof. E. P. Sheldon; UmbellifercB to Dr. J. N. Rose; Junciis to Dr. F. V. Coville; Graniinece to Dr. F. Lamson-bcribner; Carex to Prof. L. H. Bailey; Salix to the late Mr. M. S. Bebb; Filices to Prof. L. M. Underwood; Miisci to Prof. J. M. Holzinger; Fungi to Mr. J. B. Ellis; Lichens to Dr. J. W. Eckfelt. Lastly I would mention the kindness of Prof. E. L. Greene, who has furnished determinations, corrections and valuable suggestions on a number of mis- cellaneous specimens. EXPLANATIONS. All comments upon plants, such as rare, frequent, etc., refer to this state and in partictular to those parts of the state which this report covers. The number in par- renthesis following the comments upon each species is the collection number and will render reference to the speci- men easy in case any are found incorrectly determined. PRINCIPAL CAMP S AND COLLEC TINd LOCALITIES. The following table contains the principal points in the neighbor- hood of which most of the material was secured. The altitudes given are only approximate and for hills, mountains, etc., the extremes may be less or greater than given. NO. PLACE. COUNTY. ELEVATION — FT. 1. Alkali Springs Fremont 5500 2. Bacon Creek Uinta 7000-8000 3. Bessemer Natrona 5300 4. Big Muddy Creek Converse 5000 5. Big Popo Agie River. . . . " " Fremont 5200 6. Big Wind River Fremont 5200 7. Blue Grass Creek Albany 6000-7000 8. Blue Grass Hills Albany 6500 9. Boulder Creek Fremont 7400 10. Bull Lake Fremont 5350 11. Bull Lake Creek Fremont 5300 12. Casper Natrona, •. . 5200 13. Casper Mountain Natrona 5500-6500 14. Centennial Hills Albany 8000-9500 15. Centennial Valley Albany . 7500-8000 16. Clark's Ranch Fremont 7200 17. Cottonwood Canon Albany 6000-6500 18. Cummins, vicinity of Albany 8000-9000 19. C. Y. Ranch Converse 5000 20. Dubois Fremont 7000 21. East Fork Fremont 73od 22. Fairbanks Laramie 4200 23. Ford J. Ranch Laramie . 45°° 24. Fort Washakie Fremont 5200 25. Garfield Peak Natrona ... .6000-8000 26. Grant Laramie 6000 27. Green River Uinta . ••■... 8000 28. Gros Ventre River Uinta 7000 29. Hartville Laramie • ■ . . . .4500 30. Horse Creek Albany 7300-7800 31. Howell Lakes Albany 7000 32. Jackson's Hole Uinta 6500 33. Jelm Mountain Albany 8000-9000 34. Lander Fremont 53°° 35. La Plata Mines Albany . iiooo 36. Laramie Albany 7200 37. Laramie. Hills Albany 7500-8500 38. Laramie Peak Albany 7000-9000 39. Laramie Plains Albany 700° 40. Little Sandy Fremont 7000 41. Lusk Converse 5000 42. Meadow Creek Fremont 6500 43. Mexican Mines Converse 475° 44. Muddy Creek Fremont 7000 45. Musk-rat Creek Fremont 5500 46. Platte River Laramie 4200 Poison Spider Creek Natrona 5500-6000 Pole Creek Albany 7000-8000 Seven-mile Lake Albany 7000 Silver Creek ....•• Fremont 7000 South Pass City Fremont 75°° Sweetwater River Fremont 6000-7000 Sybille Creek Albany 6000-7000 Table Mountain Laramie 7000-8000 Telephone Canon Albany 7500-8000 56. Teton Mountains Uinta 7000-11000 57. Union Pass Fremont 8000-10000 58. Union Peak Fremont loooo-iiooo 59. Uva Laramie 45°° 60. Warm Spring Creek Fremont 8000 6x. Whalen Canon Laramie 475° 62. Wheatland Laramie^ 47°° 63. Willow Creek Laramie 450o 64. Wind River, North Fork of Fremont 0500 LIST OF SPECIES. RANUNCULACE^. Clematis ligusticifolia, Nutt, Torr. & Gray, Fl. i, 9 (iJ From type locality, viz: " Plains of the Rocky Mountains, in open and in bushy places near streams." Rather frequent. Blue Grass Creek, Fl. July 8, 1894 (No. 361); Popo Agie River, Fr. August 3, 1894 (No. 712). Virgiii s Bower. Clematis Douglasii, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, i (1829). Observed only in one locality, on open hillside. Laramie Hills, June 9, 1894 (No. 202). Clematis verticillaris Columbiana, M. E. {ones. Infrequent, on moist wooded hillsides. Pole Creek, May 25, 1894 (No. 72). Thalictrum Fendleri, Engelm. Gray PI. Fendl. 5. Common in wet Meadows. Horse Creek, June 9, 1894 (No. 189); East Fork, August 25, 1894 (No. 1 1 19). Meadow Rue. Thalictrum occidentale, Gray. Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 372. In thickets along mountain streams, variable as to number of akenes which sometimes are 7-12. Jackson's Hole, August 20, 1894 (No. 937); Gros Ventre, August 25, 1894 (No. 1067). Thalictrum purpurascens, L. Sp. PI. 1753. Found but once, probably confined to the north and east. Whalen canon, July 17, 1894 (No. 512); Thalictrum sparsiflorum, Turcz. in Ind. Sem. Petr. i, 40. On mountain streams, 8000 ft. and upward. Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1494). Anemone cylindrica, Gray, Ann. N. Y. Lye. iii, 221. Not common, in fertile valleys, near streams. Laramie Peak, August 5, 1895 (No. 1583). 76 Wyoming Experiment Station. Anemone multifida, Poir, Suppl. i, 364. Infrequent, moist mountain valleys. Laramie Hills, June 22, 1894 (250), B. C. Buffum ; Upper Wind River, August 10, 1894 (No. 756). Anemone patens Nuttalliana, Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 36 (1867). Pul- satilla /nrsiiiissiina. (Pursh) Britton. One of the earliest flowers, on moist, rich canon-sides. Laramie Hills, Fl. May 4, 1894 (No. 2); Fr. May 29. Wind Floiver. Anemone Pennsylvanica, L. Mant. ii, 247. A. Canadensis, L. Very abundant on streams in the eastern part of the state. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 139); Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 406). Ranunculus acriformis, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xxi, 374. Common on creek and river bottoms, at least in Albany county. Horse Creek, June 9, 1894 (No. 199); Little Laramie River, June 9, 1895 (No. 1306). Buttercup. Ranunculus affinis cardiophyllus, Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 56 (1863). This seems to be a good variety, easily distinguished from var. validus, Gray, by the smaller size of the plant, and by the thinner leaves which are either somewhat acute or show a tendency to be- come divided. Mountain meadows at 7000-8000 ft. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 126). Ranunculus affinis validus, Gray. Wet meadows. Horse Creek, June 9, 1894 (No. 195). Ranunculus alismaefolius, Geyer. Benth. PI. Hartw. 295 (1839). This is not quite typical and is probably var. montanus, Watson, or ^. alisinellus, Greene. Medicine Bow Mountains, at 11,000 ft. August 23, 1895 (No. 1762). Ranunculus aciuatilis trichophyllus, Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 40 (1867). Batrachium trychophylhim, (Chaix) Bossch. Common in slow-moving streams. Muddy Creek, August 25,. 1894 (No. 1 1 12). Ranunculus Cymbalaria, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 392 (1814). Cyrto- rhvncha Cymbalaria, (Pursh) Britton. Very common in wet alkaH soils. Laramie, at various dmes, the plant remaining in blossom throughout the season; Lander, August 3, 1894 (No. 693). First Report on the Flora of Wyoini7ig. 77 Ranunculus Eschscholtzii, Schlecht. Animad. Ranunc. ii, 16. Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 1003); Medicine Bow Moun- tains, at 11,000 ft.. August 22, 1895 (No. 1780). Ranunculus eximius, Greene, Erythea iii, 19 (1895). A most beautiful large-flowered species collected by B.C.Buffum at Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892. The specimens in our herbar- ium are in part the ones from which the original description was drawn. Ranunculus flammula reptans, Mey. PI. Lab. 96 (1836). R. reptans, L. Not common, creeping among the stones on the shore of Bull Lake Creek, August 9, 1894 (No. 729). Ranunculus glaberrimus, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 12, t. 5. Our specimens are the form represented by Prof. Greene's R. ellipticus, Pittonia, ii, no. Our earliest Buttercup; very abundant among the sage brush in moist valleys; Laramie Hills, April and May, 1894 (No. 3). Ranunculus Macounii, Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. xii, 3 (1892). Frequent on low-lying wet lands ; Big Wind River, August 9, 1894 (No. 723); Cummins, July 29, 1895 (No. 1483). Ranunculus natans, C. A. Mey. in Ledeb. Fl. Alt. ii, 315. In the mountains, on the muddy banks or in the water of par- tially dried up lakes. LTnion Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 808); East Fork, August 27, 1894 (No. 11 13). Ranunculus Nuttallii, Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 56 (1863). Cyrto- r/iync/ni >anunci(lina, Nutt. Very abundant on rocky ridges at 8,000-9,000 ft. Laramie Hills, May and June, 1894 and 1895 (Nos. 76 and 1237). Ranunculus Purshii, Richards. Frank. Journ. 741 (1823). In the bed of a recently dried up lake, Union Pass, August 14, 1894 (No. 880). Ranunculus rhomboideus, Goldie. Edinb. Phil. Journ. vi. 329 (1822). R. ovalis, Raf. Rare, observed only in wet meadows on Pole Creek, May 25, 1894 (No. 78). Ranunculus sceleratus, L. Sp. PI. 551 (1753). Abundant in shallow spring pools; Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 453). 78 Wyomi)ig Experiment Station. Caltha leptosepala, D. C. Syst. i, 310. Very abundant in wet grounds at 9,000- 10,000 ft., greedily eaten by elk and locally called "Elk Slip." Union pass. August 13, 1894 (No. 1023). Trollius laxus, Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. viii, 303 (1803). In the mountains at 9,000 ft. and upward. Union Pass, August 14, 1894 (No. 886); Medicine Bow Mountains, August 22, 1895 (No. 1709). AcLuilegia cserulea, James. Long's Exped. ii, 345. The queen of Columbines, superbly handsome. In the woods at 8,000-10,000 ft. Laramie Hills, June 22, 1894 (No. 249), B. C. Buffum. Aquilegia cserulea alpina, n. var. This, it seemed to me, must be A. pubescens, Coville, but Dr. Robinson thinks it is rather a form of caernlea. Further examina- tion convinces me that this is right. It is hardly Dr. Gray's var. albi- flora,{ox these specimens are all distinctly yellow and in habitat strictly alpine. The variety differs from the species in the smaller size of the plant and larger leaves with upper leaflets entire; in the smaller flowers and very much shorter spurs. Possibly confined to the Wind River Mountains, where it occu- pies crevices and ledges of the naked summits above timber line. Observed by Prof. B. C. Buffum, in such locations in 1892 and col- lected by the writer on LTmon Peak at 10,500 ft., August 13, 1894 (No. 894). Aquilegia Laramiensis, n. sp. Many stemmed from a rather large, semi-fleshy root; 6-9 inches high. The stems and petioles inclined to be decumbent and dif- fuse. Spurs short, hooked and knobbed. Slightly pubescent on the underside of leaves, on flowers, follicles and pedicels. Sepals greenish white, lanceolate with emarginate apex; lamina, of the light cream-colored petals, obtuse eUiptical, longer than the spur. It differs from A. saxitnontana in its greater pubescence and larger leaflets; from A. brevistyla in having longer petioles with dilated bases; from A. flavescens in habit and especially in habitat.* *I am indebted to Dr. Robinson for making comparison of this with the nearly related species. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 79 Collected at the foot of Laramie Peak, in the Laramie range, in a canon where it occupied the dry crevices in abrupt clifts. Delphinium azureum (?) Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 314 (1803). D. Car- olinianiim, Walt. Not quite typical but probably a form of this species. Saratoga, June 1893, J. D. Parker. Delphinium bicolor, Nutt Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 10. Our earliest Larkspur, in dry loam soil of ravines and hillsides. Telephone Canon, May 23, 1894 (No. 48); Table Mountain, June 28, 1895 (No. 1385). Delphinium Geyeri, Greene. A good species, immensely abundant on the Laramie Plains. Frequently greedily eaten by hungry cattle with fatal results, caused by bloating, hence the local common name, " Poison Weed." Laramie Hills, July 10, 1894 (No. 400); South Laramie Plains, July 31, 1895 (No. 1552). Delphinium scopulorum glaucum, Gray. Bot. Gaz. xii, 52. D. glati- ciiin, Wats. In the mountains at 8,000-9,000 ft.; Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 874); Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1599). Delphinium scopulorum subalpinum, Gray. Bot. Gaz. xii, 52. A very beautiful alpine form. LaPlata Mines, 11,000 ft., August 22, 1895 (No. 1761). Aconitum Columbianum, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 34. Two marked forms occur: The typical one, tall, large-leaved and dark blue or purple flowered; the other, repeatedly observed, has light yellow flowers, the plant is smaller, leaves smaller and less pubescent. Less striking differences have sometimes been held to be specific, so it seems proper that this at least bear the varietal name ochroleticmn. The former is common in thickets on mountain streams. Collected at Snake River, August 21, 1894 (No. 939); Cummins, July 29, 1895 (No. 1521). The latter, less frequent, in similar locations ; collected at Cummins and in Centennial Valley and observed at Laramie Peak. Actea spicata arguta, Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. iv, 63. White and red berried forms occasionally found growing together. Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (Nos. 681 and 692); Cummins July 27, 1895 (No- H9o)- —7 8o Wyojuing Experivient Station. BERBERIDACE^. Berberis Repens, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1176 (1828). Common among the rocks in hilly regions. Laramie Hills, May 25, 1894 (No. 66); Centennial Hills, August 1895. NYMPHiEACE^. Nuphar polysepalum, Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad, ii, 283 (1865). Nymphcea polysepala, (Engelm.) Greene. Sub-alpine ponds and lakes, not common. Medicine Bow Mountains, by Col. S. W. Downey; Union Pass, August 14, 1894 (No. 898). YeUoxo Pond Lily. PAPAVERACE^. Argemone platyceras. Link & Otto, Icon, i, 85. t, 43 (1828). Arge- moiie albiflora, Hornem. Common on the eastern slopes of the Laramie Hills. Chugwater Station, B. C. Buffum, July 14, 1891; Sybille Hills, July 8, 1894 (No. 314); Table Mountain, July i, 1895 (No. 1363). Poppy. FUMARIACE^. Corydalis aurea, Willd. Enum 740 (1809). Capnoides aureton, (Willd) Kuntze. This and the following occurs frequently in dry sandy ravines and on the adjoining hillsides. Centennial Valley, August 19, 1895 (No. 1679). Corydalis aurea occidentalis, Engelm. The variety is far more common than the species. Telephone Canon, June 3, 1894 (No. 118); Laramie, June 5, 1895 (No. 1 24 1). CRUCIFER^. Nasturtium obtusum, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 74 (1838). Roripa obtusa (Nutt.) Britton. L'sually found growing in spray of minature waterfalls. East Fork, August 25, 1894 (No. 11 16); Pole Creek, July 2, 1895 (No. 141 5). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 8 1 Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, iv, 110(1812). Roripa Nasturtium. (L.) Rusby. Not common, but introduced into some of the springs about Lar- amie and probably elsewhere in the state. State Fish Hatchery, September 24, 1894 (No. 11 52). Water Cress. Nasturtium palustre, DC Syst. Veg. ii, 191 (1821). Roripa patustris,. (L.) Bess. Only rarely seen, wet lowlands. C. Y. Ranch, on Big Muddy, July 24, 1894 (No. 638). Nasturtium palustre hispidum, Fisch & Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. iii,^ 41. Roripa hispida (Desv.) Britton. This was found twice but only a specimen or two at a time. Sybille Creek, July 9, 1864 (No. 300.); South Pass, September 2, 1894 (No. 1 185). Nasturtium sinuatum, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 73 (1838). Roripa sinuata, (Nutt.) A. S. Hitchcock. Apparently quite common, a weed on the campus and on the Experiment farm. (No. 281). Nasturtium sp. ? A single specimen collected by B. C. Buffum at Bald Mountain, no fruit. Its affinities are not readily made out at this stage but evidently is none of the above. Barbarea vulgaris, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew, Ed. 2, iv, 109 (1812). B. Barbarea, (L.) Mac M. Union pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 864); Stout plants, thick pods but otherwise normal. Arabis. (For this and a few other genera see appendix.) Thelepodium. (See appendix.) Cardamine Breweri, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, x, 339. Common, at the water's edge in many of our streams. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 158); Cummins, July 28, 1895 (No. 1465). Cardamine cordifolia. Gray, PI. Fendl. 8. On stream banks in mountain thickets, cjuite infrequent. Cum- mins, July 27, 1895 (No. 1488). Cardamine Pennsylvanica, Muhl. Sp. PI. 3: 486 (1800), Found but once, Lander Creek, August 30, 1894 (No. 1106). 82 Wyojuing Experiment Station. Lesquerella Ludoviciana, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, xxiii, 252 (1888). Ve sic aria Ludoviciana, D. C. Remarkably abundant on the Laramie Plains, in dry sandy soil. June I, 1894 (No. 190). Lesquerella montana, Watson, 1. c. 251. Vesicaria montana, Gray. Very abundant on the sandy, stony foothills of the Laramie range. Table Mountain June 2, 1894 (No. 88); Pole Creek, June 30, 1895 (No. 1370). Physaria didymocarpa, Gray, Gen. 111. i. 162 (1848). In gravelly clay banks, infrequent, not readily distinguished from Lesquerella until the pods begin to mature. Gros Ventre River, August 16, 1894 (No. 927); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1555). Draba. (See appendix.) Draba alpina, L. Sp. PI. ii. 642 (i753)- Abundant, on stony gravelly ridges on the plains and in the foot- hills. Laramie Hills, May 4, 1894 (No. 4); Laramie River Divide, June 9. 1895 (No. 1223). Draba crassifolia, Graham, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 182 (1829). Infrequent, damp, shaded ground; LaPlata Mines, August 21, 1895 (No. 1838). Draba glacialis, Adams, Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. v, 106. Frequent and of similar habitat as D. alpitia. Maturing fruit early in May. (Nos. 62 and 12 18). Draba stenoloba, Ledeb. Fl. Ross, i, 154 (1841). \'ery rare, collected by B. C. Buffum, in a gulch near Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892. Sisymbrium canescens, Nutt. Gen. ii, 68. As variable as it is frequent in occurrence. Table Mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1321); Laramie, June 16, 1894 (No. 247). Sisymbrium incisum, Engelm. Gray PI. Fendl. 8. Difficult to separate from some of its varieties. Wheatland, July 9, 1894 (No. 475); South Pass, August 31, 1894 (No. 1184). Sisymbrium incisum filipes, Gray, PI. Fendl. 8. Not at all common; Laramie, August 1893; near Table Moun- tain, June 30, 1895 (Nos. 1349 and 1425)- Sisymbrium incisum Hartwegianum, Wats, Bot. cal. i, 41. Observed but once; Sand Creek, August 26, 1894 (No. iioo). First Report on the Flora of IVyoining. 83 Sisymbrium linifolium, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 91. Abundant and of frequent occurrence on the plains and in the foothills. Laramie, June 12, 1894 (No. 173); June 1895 (No. 1420). Smelowskia calycina, C. A. Meyer, Ledeb. Fl. Alt. iii, 165. Very rare, found but once and then but a plant or two; Laramie Hills, June 1893. Erisymum asperum Arkansanum, Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 69. This variety is of very frequent occurrence; in early summer it forms a very conspicuous object on the sandy plains ?.nd hillsides in Albany county. Table Mountain, June 2, 1894 (No. 87); Two Bar Ranch on Blue Grass Creek, July 9, 1S94 (No. 377). Erisymum cheiranthoides, L. Sp. PI. 661 (1753)- Widely distributed but not particularly abundant; Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 404); South Pass, September i, 1894 (No. 1187), and Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1462). Erisyijium parviflorum, Nutt. T, & G. Fl. N. A. i, 95 (838.) E. mcon- spicuinn. (Wats.) ^racM. Frequent; Laramie, June 20, 1894 (No. 221); Bacon Creek, August 15, 1894, (No. 916). Stanleya pinnatifida, Nutt. Gen. li, 71 (1818). S. pinnata, (Pursh) Britton. Only occasionally, on dry gravelly banks; Little Laramie River, June 6, 1894, by Mr. Houghton; Wood's Landing, July 31, 1895 (No. 1554). Stanleya pinnatifida integrifolia, Robinson, Syn. Fl. i, 179 (1895). This form much less common; stems numerous from a large deep-set root; on the dry plains west of Laramie, August 26, 1895 (No. 1845). Stanleya viridiflora. Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 98. Very rare, not found at all by the writer; collected at Wheatland, June 16, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Brassica campestris, L. Sp. PI. 666 (1753). Occasionally seen in waste places about town; Laramie, Septem- ber 15, 1893. Brassica sinapistrum, Boiss. Voy. Espagne, ii, 39 (1839-45). A single specimen from Centennial Valley, August 25, 1895 (No. 1876). §4 ' IVyojuing Experiment Station. Capsella Bursa-Pastoris, Medic. Pfl. Gatt. i, 85 (1792)- Bursa Bursa- Pastoris, (L ) Weber. A weed in lawns and dooryards everywhere; l?niversity Cam- pus, June 1891. lepidium apetalum, Willd. Spec, iii, 439. (2uite common on the Laramie Plains, in some places becoming a weed. Blue Grass Hills, July 8, 1894 (No. 323); University Campus, July 22, 1895 (No. 1424). Tjepidium montanum, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 116, 669. Rare, State Fisji Hatchery grounds, Laramie, B. C. Buffum, 1892; Carbon, June 18, 1894 (No. 257), Miss Lily Boyd. Xepidium Virginicum, L. Sp. PI. 645 (1753)- Occasionally found introduced into lawns and vacant lots. Lara- mie, June 15, 1891, B. C. Buffum. 'Thlaspi alpestre, L. Sp. PI. ii, 903. The typical form of this species is abundant in the Laramie Hills on open hillsides at 7,000-8500 ft. Telephone Canon. May 21, 1891, B. C. Buffum; Pole Creek, May 12, 1894 (No. 28). Thlaspi alpestre glaucum, n. var. The perennial basal part of stem rather freely branched, herba- ceous stems simple and erect, 6-10 inches high; radical leaves broadly to narrowly elliptical, entire or obscurely repand-denticu- late; cauline deltoid-auriculate entire. It also differs from the species in the glaucus hue of the leaves, the laxer inflorescence and ■well marked notch at the apex of the capsule as well as in its hab- itat. The species flowers in early spring on open hillsides; the variety was collected in the forest almost at timber line, growing in the thick beds of Spruce needles. La Plata Mines, August 21, 1895 (No. 1777). CAPPARIDACE^. Cleome integrifolia, T, & G. Fl, i, 142. An obnoxious weed, sometimes occupying acres of ground to the exclusion of everything else. Everywhere on the Laramie plains, and. in fact, all over the south-eastern part of the state. Laramie, June 24, 1894 (No. 297). First Report on the Flora of Wyomiiig. 85 Cleome lutea, Hook. Fl- Bor. Am. i, 70, t. 25. This seems to replace the preceding on the Wind Rivers and in the north-west generally; in sandy soil. Big Wind River, August 5, 1894 (No. 701). Polanisia trachysperma, T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 669 (1840J. Widely distributed in the state but not very abundant; on sandy banks. Laramie Plains July 10, 1894 (No. 333); and B. C. Buffum, at Wheatland. VIOLACE^. Viola blanda, Willd. Hort. Berol. t, 24 (i8o6).» Quite rare, on mossy bank in the light spray of a little waterfall. Centennial Hills, June 9, 1895 (No. 1257). Viola Canadensis, L. Sp. PI. 936 (i753)- Abundant in thickets along streams. Head of Pole Creek, May 25, 1894 (No. 44); Near Table Moun- tain, July 2, 1895 (No. 1406). Viola canina adunca, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 377, Occurs less frequently than the following, leaves less crowded on the rootstock. Pass Creek June 20, 1892, B. C. Buffum; Horse Creek, June 9, 1894 (No. 209). Viola canina Muhlenbergii, Traut. Act. Hort. Petrop. v, 28. Widely distributed, rather abundant and variable. Pole Creek June 2, 1894 (No. 146); Centennial \'alley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1284). Viola Nuttallii, Pursh, Fl. Am. i, 174 (18 14). The earhest and commonest Violet on the plains. Laramie, May 19, 1894 (No. 37); May 23 1895 (No. 1229). Viola palmata cucullata, Gray, Bot. Gaz. xi, 254 (1886). Infrequent. Horse Creek, June 9, 1894 (No. 191). Viola palustris, L. Sp. PL ii, 934 (i753)- A beautiful little plant observed but once, on a boggy bank. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 140). Viola prsemorsa, Dougl. Lindl. Bot. Reg. i, 1254. This must be very rare in the state and its occurrence here extends its range considerably. Observed both in 1894 and in 1895, only at the head of Pole Creek, May, (Nos. 43 and 1215). 86 Wyoiiiijig Experiment Station. CARYOPHYLLACEJE. Saponaria Vaccaria, L. Sp. PI. 409 (1753). This is becoming a troublesome weed in some parts of the state. From the Big Horn Mountains, by B. C. Buffum in 1892; Wheatlond, July 11, 1^94 (No. 474). Silene acaulis, L. Sp. PI. ii, 603 (1762). Strictly alpine, Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 973); Medicine Bow Mountains, August 22, 1895 (No. 1828), Silene antirrhina, L. Sp. PI. 419 (1753). Widely distributed and not rare. Platte River, July 14, 1894 (No. 493); Centennial Valley, August 17, 1895 (No. 1658). Silene Douglasii multicaulis, Robinson, Contr. Gray, Herb. 144 (1893). Union Pass at 10,000 ft., August 13, 1894 (No. 1019). Silene Douglasii viscosa, Robinson, 1. c. 145. This is not quite typical but Dr. Robinson thinks it too near to be separated. Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 845). Silene Hallii, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, xxi, 446. On grassy, open slopes at high elevations; LaPlata Mines, August 21, 1895 (No. 1829). Agrostemma Grithago, L. Sp. PL 435 (1753). As yet very rare in the state. Collected at Sugg's Road by B. C. Buffum August, 1891. Cerastium alpinum Behringianum, Regel. Ost. Sib. i, 435. Not common even in the mountains; Union Peak, August 13^ 1894 (No. 1013). Cerastium arvense, L. Sp. PI. 438 (1753)- Very abundant in early summer in the Laramie Hills. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 138); near City Springs, June 21, 1891, B. C. Buffum. Cerastium arvense latifolium, Fenzl. Ledeb. Fl. Ross, i, 412. Frequent on rocky hills and ledges in the mountains; Laramie Hills, May 24, 1894 (No. 41). Cerastium arvense maximum, HoUick and Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, xiv, 45. Apparently rare; near the creek bank on lower Pole Creek, July I, 1895 (No. 1380). First Report on the Flora of IVjoviing. 87 Cerastium nutans, Raf. Free. Dec. 36 (18 14). C.longipedwiadatnm Muhl. Collected only in the north-western part of the state; Bacon Creek, August 16, 1894 (No. 924). Stellaria borealis, Bigel, Fl. Bost. Ed. 2. 182 (1824). Alsine borealts, (Bigel.) Britton. Infreciuent; Centennial Valley, August 18, 1895 (No. 1738). Stellaria longifolia, Muhl. Willd. Enum. 479. Atsine longifolia, (Muhl) Britton. Abundant in wet places along streams; near Table Mountain, July 2, 1895 (No. 1417)- Stellaria longifolia laeta, T. & G. Bibl. Index. 112. Rare; observed but once, LaPlata Mines, August 21, 1895 (No. 1774). Stellaria longipes, Goldie, Edinb. Phil. Journ. vi, 327. Alsine lojigi- pes, (Goldie) Coville. The commonest of the Chickweeds in Wyoming. Horse Creek, July II, 1891, B. C. Buffum; Laramie, June 30, 1894 (No. 286). Lander, August 4, 1894 (No. 713). Stellaria umbellata, Turcz. Cat. Baic. 5. Frequent in the Mountains at 9,000 to 11,000 ft.; Union Pass, August 13, 1894 (No. 992); LaPlata Mines, August 21, 1895 (No. 1809). Arenaria congesta, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 178. In open and in grassy places on hills and in the mountains everywhere; immensely abundant; Little Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892, B. C. Buffum; Laramie Hills, July 7, 1894 (No. 357). Arenaria congesta subcongesta, Watson, Bot. Cal. i, 60. Infrecjuent; only at high altitudes; on the Grand Teton, at 10,- 000 ft., August 21, 1894 (No. 1059). Arenaria Fendleri, Gray, PI. Fendl. 13. This, like A. congesta, is found everywhere in the hills and moun- tains, in dry open rather than shaded ground. Laramie Hills, July 7, 1894 (No. 353). Arenaria Hookeri, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 178 (1838). This is of very frecjuent occurrence both on the plains and in the mountains. Somewhat variable in general appearance; that on the plains short and forming large mats ; that in the hills growing Wyoming Experiment Station. in the Pine needles in the shade less, casspitose and of ranker growth. Laramie, June 20, 1894 (No. 225); Wind River Moun- tains, August II, 1894 (No. 856); Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1595). Arenaria Sajanensis, Willd. Schlecht. Berl. Mag. Natf. 200 (18 16). This plant collected at almost the opposite extremes of the state seems to confine itself to the naked alpine summits. Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 1009); La Plata Mines, August 22, 1895 (No. 1826). Arenaria sp. (See appendix). Tissa sparsiflora, Greene, Erythea, iii, (1895). This recently described species seems to have a very circum- scribed range. It was first observed in the autumn of 1894, when it was collected by the writer in a wet meadow, some seven miles from Laramie, in a soil strong with alkali, receiving seepage water from an irrigation ditch. A very rank growth, resulting in long, lax and sparsely flowered stems had^been attained. Obser- vations upon it in 1895 in the same andjother localities show that, under normal conditions, it grows to only 3-8 inches in height; that it is nearly erect, but freely branched from the base. This shorten- ing of the stems shows the flowers to be numerous in proportion to the size of the plant and makes the specific name hardly character- istic. In the original description the^observalion is made that it is the first Tissa reported from the interior of the continent. Ob- served only about Laramie and in low alkah ground. Seven Mile Lake, October 15, 1894 (No. 1158); Laramie, September 3, 1895 (No. 1868). PORTULACACEiE. Portulaca oleracea, L. Sp. PI. 445 (i753)> Becoming introduced in some localities; from Sheridan Expt. Farm, by the superintendent, J. F. Lewis, September 1895. Calandrinia pygmaea, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 623. A beautiful little plant of alpine habitat. Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 1015); La Plata Mines, August 20, 1895 (No. 1778). Claytonia Caroliniana sessilifolia, Torr. Pac. R. Rep. iv, 70 (1856). Common on hillsides in rich, damp soil. Laramie Hills, May 12, 1894 (No. 27); Pole Creek, May 18, 1895 (No. 12 19). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 89 CJlaytonia sp.? This may be a reduced alpine form of the preceding. The whole plant is small, 1-2 inches high, raceme reduced to one or two flowers and the leaves more acutely lanceolate. Collected on the shores of a lake at 9,000 ft. on the Grand Teton, August 21, 1894 (No. 1061). Claytonia Chamissonis, Esch. & Spreng. Syst. i, 790 (1825). Not of frequent occurrence, but sometimes growing in the great- est profusion on the rocky beds of slow-flowing brooklets; Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 309); Pole Creek, June 30, 1895 (No. 1337). ■Lewisia rediviva, Pursh, Fl. ii, 368 (18 14). Comparatively rare, but occurring occasionally in profusion among the sage brush on the plains, and sometimes in the pine needles of rather open woods in the foothills. Sweetwater River, June 22, 1 89 1, D. McLaren; Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (No. 679); Cummins, July 27, 1895 (No. 1545). HYPERICACE^. Hypericum Scouleri, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, iii (1830). H. formo- sicni Scouleri, (Hook.) Coult. Quite rare; in thickets along streams. Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 341). MALVACE^. Sidalcea Candida, Gray, PI. Fendl. 20 and 24. Frequent and abundant in thickets along streams in the moun- tains at 8,000-9,000 ft. Centennial Valley, September 8, 1891, B. C. Buffum; Cummins, July 31, 1895 (No. 1489). Sidalcea malvaeflora, Gray, PL Wright, i, 16 (1852). Habitat and localities similar to those of the preceding; possibly of more frequent occurrence, the two species sometimes growing together. Saratoga, July 2, 1893, J. D. Parker; Cummins, July 28, 1895 (No. 1463). Malvastrum coccineum, Gray, Mem. Am. Acad, iv, 21 (1848). A common weed on the plains, in fields and fence corners. University Campus, June 22, 1894 (No. 280). 90 Wyoming Experiment Station. Sphseralcea acerifolia, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 228 (i! Not abundant but widely distributed; in open woods at 8,000- 9,000 ft. Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 873); Centennial Val- ley, August 17, 1895 (No. 1727). Sphaeralcea Munroana, Spach. Proc. Am. Acad, xxii, 292 (1887). Laramie, September i, 1893; Sheridan Experiment Farm, Sep- tember 1895. LINAGES. Linum Kingii, Watson, King Rep. v, 49 (187 1). A few specimens of this species were secured by Prof Buffum in 1892, but without data; probably collected late in June, near Elk Mountain. Linum perenne, L. Sp. PI. 277 (i753)- ^- Lewisti, Pursh. Remarkably abundant and luxuriant throughout the state. Found on dry, rocky ridges as well as on rich hillsides and valleys. The valley of Bacon Creek in August presents the appearance of a flax field. Laramie, June 12, 1894 (No. 241); Union Pass and Bacon Creek, August 1894 (No. 866). Linum rigidum, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 210 (1814). Common in the eastern part of the state. Inyan Kara Divide, August 29, 1892, B. C. Buffum; Wheatland, July 9, 1894 (No. 384). GERANIACE.^. G-eranium caespitosum, James, Long's Exped. ii, 3. Very frequent in the Laramie Hills, growing in scattered clumps on rocky ridges. By B. C. Buffum in 1892; Telephone Canon, June 15, 1894 (No. 233). Geranium Fremonti, Torr. Gray, PI. Fendl. 26. Rare, observed but once; Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 824). Geranium Richardsoni, Fisch. Mey. Ind. Sem. Petr. iv, 37. Frequent in the south-eastern part of the state at least; along streams and in damp thickets. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 132); near Table Mountain, July i, 1895 (No. 1403). Oxalis stricta, L. Sp. PI. 281 (1753)- This is the only species so far found in the state and this but once. Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 522). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 91 CELASTRACEiE. Pachystima Myrsinites, Raf. Am. Month. Mag. 176 (18 19). Occurring on the sides of wooded mountains. Tetons, August 22, 1894 (No. 977), at 7,500 ft. RHAMNACE^. Ceanothus Fendleri, Gray PI. FendL 29 (1849). \'ery rare, a single clump of it in an open valley, Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1637.) Ceanothus velutinus, Dougl. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 125 (1830). Presumably throughout the state; dry canon-sides; Beaver Creek by B. C. Buffum, July 17, 1892; Tetons, August 21, 1894 (No. 948); Cummins, July 31, 1895 (No. 1542). VITACE^. Vitis riparia, Michx. Fl. ii, 231. Wild Grape. This was collected in fruit not yet ripe, in one locahty only; on the banks of the Platte River, Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 468). Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 160 (1803) Par- thenocissus quinquefolia, (L.) Planch. Quite rare in the state, possibly not found in the more elevated districts at all. Hartville, July 16, 1894 (No. 554). SAPINDACE^. Acer glabrum, Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y, ii, 172 (1826). A common shrub on rocky hillsides and in the canons. Tele- phone Canon, May 23^ 1894 (No. 57); Laramie Hills May 25, 1895 (No. 1236). Maple. Negundo aceroides, Moench. Meth. 334 (1794). Acer Negiindo, L. Occurring occasionally along streams. Introduced at Laramie for shade and decorative purposes. June i, 1894 (No. 183); Big Muddy Creek, July 26, 1894 (No. 611). Box Elder. ANACARDIACE^. Rhus toxicodendron, L. Sp. PL (1753). Rhus radicans, L. Ours is the low erect form. Among rocks in canons at 5,000- 6,000 ft. Table Mountain, June 2, 1894 (No. 154); Hartville, July 92 Wyoming Experiment Station. i6, 1894 (No. 557); noted also at Laramie Peak, growing in pro- fusion in a rocky canon. Poison Ivy. Rhus trilobata, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 219 (1838). A low, spreading shrub, frequently almost covering both sides and summits of the low rounded hills in the Laramie range. Table Mountain, June 2, 1894 (No. 159); Blue Grass Hills, July 8, .1894 (No. 322); Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1477). LEGUMINOS^. Thermopsis montana, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 388 (1838). Not common, occurring on sandy creek banks, Laramie River^ fl. June 15, fr. August 19, 1891, B. C. Buffum. Thermopsis rhombifolia, Richards. App. Frank. Journ. 13 (1823). Abundant in sandy ravines and valleys in the hills, the great patches of yellow standing out in sharp contrast to the green grass, and white rocks. Table Mountain, June 2, 1894 (No. 122); Lara- mie Hills, June 5, 1895 (No. 1240). Lupinus argenteus, Pursh, Fl. 468 (18 14). A widely distributed and common species of this well represented and beautiful genus. Apparently at higher altitudes than the var. following. Chugwater Creek. July 7, 1894 (No. 301); Meadow Creek, August 9, 1894 (No. 972); Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1584). Lupinus argenteus decumbens, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, xviii, 532 (1873). On creek banks in the hills and plains. Pole Creek, June 2» 1894 (No. 104). Lupinus aridus, Dougl. Lindl. Bot. Reg. xv, 1242 (1829). On the plains of the Sweetwater River, by Geo. M. Cordiner^ September 6, 1894 (No. 1206). Lupinus caespitosus, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 379. A delicate httle plant almost alpine in its habitat; observed but once; Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 996). Lupinus laxiflorus, Dougl. Lindl. Bot. Reg. xiv, 1140 (1828). Frequent and sometimes covering great stretches of the sandy plain with its characteristic color. Blue Grass Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 360); Lusk, July 21, 1894 (No. 584); also west slope of Wind River Mountains, August 14, 1894. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 93 Lupinus leucophyllus, Dougl. Lindl. Bot. Reg. xiii, 1124 (1828). Our earliest Lupine, found in great profusion on moist hillsides among the sage brush and even in shaded locahties. Laramie Hills, June 2, 1894 (No. 151). Lupinus ornatus, Dougl. Lindl. Bot. Reg. xv, 1216 (1829). Certainly deserving its name; abundant in the locality noted; Gros Ventre River, August (6, 1894 (No. 1098). Lupinus parviflorus, Nutt. Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechy, 336. Common along streams; Sybille Creek, August 8, 1894 (No. 315); Table Mountain, July i, 1895 (No. 1414). Lupinus Plattensis, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, xvii, 124 (1890). This rare and beautiful plant was observed in two localities only, Mexican Mines. July 20, 1894 (No. 589); Pole Creek, near Table Mountain, July i, 1895 (No. 1401). Lupinus pusillus, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 468 (18 14). Found only on the sand ridges and dunes occurring occasionally on the plains of eastern Wyoming. Platte River, July 14, 1894 (No. 490); noted also south of Lusk. Lupinus Sitgreavesii, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, xiii, 527. Occurs only at comparatively high altitudes in wooded moun- tains. Union Pass, August 12, 1894 (No. 896); frequent at 9,000 ft. and upward. MedicagO sativa, L, Sp. PI. 778 (1753). Lucerne, Alfalfa; largely grown as a forage plant in the west; escaped from cultivation. Laramie, September 9, 1894 (No. 11 36). Melilotus alba, Lam. Encycl. iv, 63 (1797). Sweet Clovet . Persisting in fallow or abandoned fields. Laramie, October 2, 1894 (No. 1 154.) Melilotus officinalis, (L.)" Lam. Fl. France, ii, 594 (1778). Introduced and then persisting in abandoned areas for a number of years, possibly indefinitely. Laramie, June 23, 1895 (No. 1422). Psoralea argophylla, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 475 (1814). Noted a number of times in eastern Wyoming; Platte River, July 14, 1894 (No. 497); from Inyan Kara Divide by B. C. Buffum, 1892, and from Sheridan by J. F. Lewis, 1895. 94 Wyoming Experiment Station. Psoralea lanceolata, Pursh, 1. c. Frequent on the dry foothills along the Platte River. Fairbanks, [uly 12, 1894 (No. 430); Orin Junction, August 14, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Psoralea tenuiflora, Pursh, 1. c. Our commonest Psoralea, very abundant along the Platte and its tributaries. Laramie River, July 10, 1894 (No. 368); Blue Grass Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 306), Trifolium dasyphyllum, T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 315. This fine cttspitose species almost clothes some of the otherwise naked rocky ledges in the Laramie foothills. Some specimens secured at Laramie Peak are quite erect with longer and less pubescent leaves. Laramie, May 25, 1894 (No. 68); June 5, 1895 (No. 1243). Trifolium gymnocarpon, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 320. A rare and inconspicuous little plant, blossoming in late spring and shortly disappearing. Laramie, June 9, 1894 (No. 216); Ex- periment Farm, May 23, 1895 (No. 1230). Trifolium longipes, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 314 and 691. Frequent in the mountains at 8,000-9,000 ft. Specimens from Saratoga and Bald Mountain; also L^nion Pass, August 13; 1895 (No. 1025). Trifolium longipes reflexum, n. var. This has the general habit of T. lo>igipes but the flowers are at length quite reflexed; calyx lobes shorter and less villous. On the banks of Wind River at the foot of Union Pass, August 9, 1894 (No. 918). Trifolium Parryi, Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. ii, 33. Rare, in open spruce woods. Medicine Bow Mountains, August 21, 1895 (No. 1764). Trifolium pratense, L. Sp. PI. 768 (i753)- ^^''^ Clover. Trifolium repens, L. Sp. PI. 767 (i753)- This and the preceding becoming naturalized along irrigation ditches, in the streets and elsewhere. Laramie, September 15, 1894. Wliite Clover. Amorpha fruiticosa, L. Sp. PL 713 (i753)' Frequent on the banks ot the Platte in the eastern part of the state. Fairbanks, July 13, 1894 (No. 438). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 95 Dalea aurea, Nutt. Fras. Cat. (18 13). Parosela aiirea, (Nutt.) Britton. Very rare; on the plains of the Platte; Fairbanks, July 11, 1894 (No. 390). Petalostemon candidus, Michx. Fl, Bor. Am. ii, 49 (1803). KuJniis- tera c and hi a, (Willd.) Kuntze. Occasional, on the dry hills and plains bordering on the Platte. Orin Junction, August 14, 1891, B.C. Buffum. Petalostemon multiflorus, Nutt. Journ. Phil. Acad, vii, 92 (1834). This seems to be a much-named plant and illustrates nicely the stability that our nomenclature is acquiring. The new Check List gives Kuhnistera niultijiora, (Nutt.) Heller, and, if I understand Mr. Rydberg rightly, his new name, Kuhnistera, Candida 7nultiflora, (Nutt.), Contrib. Nat'l Herb, iii, 3. (1895), is also the same. From the specimens at hand J am inclined to think that Mr. Rydberg is right in reducing the form to a variety. On the other hand his variety occidetitalis does not seem to differ in any important respect from his miiltiflora, judging by his descriptions. Some specimens at hand will fall nicely under either. Very frequent in the Laramie Hills and the foothills bordering on the Platte. July 9, 1894 (No. 330); Inyan Kara Divide by B. C. Buffum. Petalostemon violaceus, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 50 (1803). Kuhn- istera purpurea, (Vent.) MacM. Habitat and localities much the same as for the preceding. Orin Junction, July 14, 1891, B. C. Buffum; Platte Hills, July 9, 1894 (No. 331). Astragalus adsurgens, Pall. Astrag. 40, t, 31 (1800). A. Laxnmnni, Jacq. Remarkably abundant in the south-eastern part of the state, occupying dry, stony or gravelly ridges on the plains or in the foot- hills. Wallace Creek, July 29, 1894 (No. 646); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. I 5 14); at Laramie at various times. Astragalus alpinus, L Sp. PI. 760 (1753). Probably frequent in the higher mountain valleys; Pole Creek, June 3, 1894 (No. 174); Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 840). Unusually large specimens with leaves varying from eUiptical to obcordate were obtained on Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 993). 96 Wyoming Experiment Station. Astragalus bisulcatus, Gray, Pac. R. Rep. xii, 42 (1860.) A very common species on the plains and in the foothills; Lara- mie, June 19, 1894 (No. 266); Garfield Peak, July 29, 1895 (No. 682); other numbers are 1316 and 1435. Astragalus Canadensis, L. Sp. PI. 757 (1753). A. Carolinianus, L. Possibly confined to the eastern part of the state. Lusk, July 21, 1894 (No. 582); Laramie Peak, August 7. 1895 (No. 1597). Astragalus caryocarpus, Ker. Bot. Reg. t, 176 (1816). A. crassicar- pus, Nutt. Infrequent; on the Laramie plains and on the east slopes of the Laramie range. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 162); Laramie, June 25, 1894 (No. 201). Astragalus convalarius, Greene. I am unable to cite the publication of this; the name was com- municated by Prof. Sheldon; probably rare; Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (Nos. 743 and 869). Astragalus Drummondii, Dougl. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 153 (1833). Frequent in the foothills throughout the state; Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 86); Upper Wind River, August 10, 1894 (No. 763). Astragalus flexuosus, Dougl., in Don. Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. ii,. 256 (1832). On wet, fertile creek banks; Chugwater, July 7, 1894 (No. 422); Pole Creek, July 1, 1895 (No. 1352). Astragalus frigidus Americanus, Watson, Index, i, 193. Very rare; South Fork, Crazy Woman Creek, August 7, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Astragalus giganteus, Sheld. Bull. Minn. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. ix. 65 (894). Infrequent; Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892; Green River, August 26, 1894 (No. 1047). Astragalus hypoglottis, L. Mant. ii, 274 (1771). Frequent and abundant in wet meadows and along streams in our whole range. Saratoga, July 6, 1891; Meadow Creek, August 9, 1894 (No. 815). Fine specimens with ohroleucus flowers were obtained at Meadow Creek, August 9, 1894 (No. 775). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 97 Astragalus Kentrophyta, Gray, Proc. Acad. Philad. 60 (1863). Probably belonging to the Pacific slopes alone; on the banks of the Gros Ventre River, August 16, 1894 (No. 1077). Astragalus junceus, Gray, Proc' Am. Acad, vi, 230. Infrequent; on steep, dry stony hillsides; Saratoga, June 23, 1893; Gros Ventre River, August 17, 1894 (No. 1086). Astragalus lonchocarpus, Torr. Pac. R. Pep. iv, 80. What appears to be of this species was collected on Snake River, May 29, 1892, by Fred McCoullough. Astragalus Missouriensis, Nutt. Gen. ii, 99 (1818). Abundant on the Laramie plains but in the foothills giving place to A. Shortianus. Laramie, May 22, 1894 (No. 52); also in 1895 (No. 1227). Astragalus Mortoni, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 19 (1834). On the Pacific slope only, infrequent; Gros \'entre River, August 16, 1894 (No. 1080). Astragalus oroboides Americanus, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, vi, 205 (1864). A. oroboides, Hornem. Infrequent; Bacon Creek, August 15, 1894 (No. 917). Astragalus pectinatus, Dougl. in Don. Gen. Syst. Gard. and Bot. ii, 257 (1832). Frequent and abundant on the Laramie Plains; June 12, 1894 (No. 217). Some forms of it seem to approach A. Grayi so closely as to make it difficult to know where to place them, such as my number 1304 from Centennial \'alley, June 9, 1895. Astragalus Purshii, Dougl. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 152 (1834). Of frequent occurrence, but the plants few and scattering. On the Laramie Plains, May 23, 1894 (No. 53); May, 1895 (No. 1228). Astragalus sericoleucus, Gray, Am. Jour. Sci. II, xx.xiii, 410 (1862). Frequent on the plains and in the foothills, where it clothes the otherwise naked ground as with a purple carpet. Laramie, May 18. 1894 (No. 38). Astragalus Shortianus, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. N. A i, 331 (1838). On gravelly, stony hillsides ; frequent in the Laramie range. Telephone Canon, May 23, 1894 (No. 54); Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1286). 98 Wyoming Experiment Station. Astragalus spatulatus, Sheld. Bull. Minn. Geol. (!^: Nat. Hist. Surv. ix. 19 (1894). Very abundant both on the plains and in the foothills. Laramie Hills, May 16, 1894 (No. 31); Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No, 1301); also a white flowered variety from the latter place. Astragalus tenellus, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 473 (1814). Seemingly throughout the state, in dry, sandy soil. Laramie, June 19, 1894 (No. 267); Dubois, August 9, 1894 (No. 751); Cummins, July 26, 1895 (No. 1432). Astragalus. (For other numbers see appendix). Oxytropis deflexa, D C. Prodr. ii ,280. Infrequent, in mountain Meadows, at 7,000-8,000 ft.; Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 825); Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1530). Oxytropis Lamberti, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 740 (1814), Spiesia Latn- berti. (Pursh) Kuntze. The typical form is not frequent. As far as my observation goes, it is confined to the eastern part of the state. By the typical form is meant the purple-flowered form described in our manuals under this name. Table Mountain, July 1, 1895 (No. 1320). Oxytropis Lamberti sericea, Nutt. T. & G. i, 339 (1838). Spiesia Lamberti sericea, (Nutt!) Rydberg. Very rare; Laramie, 1893. Flowers violet. Oxytropis (Spiesia) Lamberti ochroleuca, n. var. Stout, grayish, with a close pubescence throughout; very many short stems trom the large perennial root, each of which bears one to several long scape-like peduncles; flowers yellowish-white with sometimes a purple spot on the keel petals. This is the frequently mentioned ochroleucus flowered form of this species, but it certainly, with us at least, forms a good and constant variety, if not species. It can always be distinguished by its stouter habit throughout, by the densely lanate scale-like stipules, by the shorter but thicker spike as well as by the very numerous and crowded stems and scapes. Exceedingly abundant; Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 119); Laramie, June 9, 1895 (No. 1302). Loco. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 99 Oxytropis monticola, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 6. Frequent in the vicinity of Laramie; May 23, 1894 (No. 60); June n, ISHfj (No. 12SU). Oxytropis multiceps, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 341 (1838). Spiesia niulti- ceps, (Nutt.) Kuntze. Very rare; on a hilltop of disintegrated granite, near Horse Creek, June 9, 1894 (No. 214). Oxytropis splendens, Dougl. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 147 (1833). Spi- esia splendeiis, (Dougl.) Kuntze. This truly splendid species is not rare in the grassy valleys at about 7,000-8,000 ft. and sometimes at lower altitudes. Table Mountain, July 2. 1895 (No. 1391); Cummins July 29, 1895. Oxytropis sp. ? (Nos 6fi9 and 928, see appendix). Glyceria lepidota, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 480 (1814). Frequent near the Platte on the banks of small ditches and ravines. Willow Creek, July 22, 1894 (No. 627); Cheyenne, August 29, 1893. Hedysarum boreale, Nutt. Gen. ii, 110 (1818). H. Aniericmmm, (Michx.) Britton. Probably infrecjuent except northward; Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 877). Hedysarum Mackenzii, Richards, App. Frank. Journ. 17 (1823). H. Ai)ie)icaiiu)ii Macke)izii, (Richards.) Britton. Throughout the state; Crazy Woman Creek, August 7, 1892; Dubois, August 9, 1894 (No, 752); Snake River, August 19, 1894 (No. 1087). Vicia Americana, Muhl. Willd. Sp. PI. ii, 1096 (1803). Of frequent occurrence in thickets on stream banks. Cummins, July 29, 1895, two forms of it, (Nos. 1450 and 1478). Vicia Americana truncata, Brewer, Bot. Cal. i, 158 (1876). More frequent than the species; Wheatland, August 1892, B. C. Buffum; Table Mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1404). Vicia linearis, (Nutt.) Greene, Fl. Fran. 3 (1891). Especially abundant; on sandy plains and creek valleys every- where. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 92); Laramie, June 1, 1894 (No. 172); Meadow Creek, August 9, 1894 (No. 776). lOO Wyoini7ig Experiment Station. Vicia cracca, L. Sp. PL 735 (1753). A chance introduction on the Laramie Experiment Farm, Sep- tember 1895. Lathyrus ornatus, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 277 (1838). Members of this genus are either very rare or the right locaUties have not yet been visited. A specimen in the herbarium from Cheyenne, by Miss Helen Furniss, June 1892. ROSACEA. Prunus Americana, Marsh, Arb. Am. ill (1785). Rare in the southeastern part of the state and probably infrequent everywhere except in the lower altitudes of the northeastern part, where it is reported very plentiful. Fairbanks, July 18. 1894 (No. 572). Wild P/um. Prunus demissa, Walp. Rep. ii, 10 (1843). This and the succeeding species have so much in common that it is difficult to separate them. It may be that none of the specimens are P. Virginiana, but rather only forms of P. demissa. Common on dry creek banks in the hills. Telephone Canon, June 15,1894 (No. 230); Table Mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1402). Wild Cherry, Choke Cherry. Prunus Virginiana, L. Sp. PI. 473 (1753). Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 943), and by B. C. Buf- fum, 1892. Spirea arbuscula, Greene, Erythea, iii, ()3 (1S95). Infrequent and, I think, found only at high elevations, 8,000 ft. and upward. Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 941). Spirea discolor dumosa, Watson, Pursh Fl. 342 (1814). A handsome shrub, common on rocky ledges at 8,000 ft. and upward. Casper Mountain, July 26, 1894 (No. 607) ; Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (No. 657); also observed at Laramte Peak and in the Medicine Bow Mountains in 1895. Spirea lucida, Dougl. Very rare in the state. Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 949). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 1 01 Physocarpus Torreyi, Maxim. Neillia Torreyi, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, xi, 1.36. Common in the hills and mountains. Table Mountain, June 2, 1894 (No. 116); Platte River, July 14, 1894 (No. 490). -Rubus Nutkanus, Mocino, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1368 (1830). Not common in the parts of the state collected. Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894, and Centennial Hills, August 18, 1895 (No. 1676). Thimble-berry. Rubus strigosus, Michx. Fl. i. 297 (1803). • The Red Raspberry, growing in the greatest profusion on rocky and partially wooded hillsides, especially on ground once burned over. Immensely productive. Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 997). Cummins, July 31 1895 (No. 1476). Purshia tridentata,, D C. Trans. Linn. Soc. 12, 157. A scragly prostrate shrub, common on low hilltops and hillsides. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 82); Wallace Creek, July 29, 1894 (No. 676); Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1270), ■Cercocarpus parvifolius, H. & A. Bot. Beechey, 337 (1841). This may be called the most characteristic shrub of stony foot- hills. Laramie Hills, June 15, 1894 (No. 237); Platte Hills. July 14, 1894 (No. 462). Mountain Mahogany. •Geum macrophyllura, Willd. Enum. i, 557 (1809). Mr. Rydberg* suggests the probability that this and the following are varieties of the same species. The specimens before me, how- ever, seem perfectly distinct. Near streams. Bacon Creek, August 15, 1894 (No. 920); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1576). Geum strictum, Ait. Hort. Kew. ii, 217 (1789). Same habitat as the preceding. Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 407); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1517). •Geum triflorum, Pursh, Fl. 736 (1814). This fine species is common in wet valleys at 7,000-9,000 ft. Our manuals fail to note that the style is jointed in the middle in young *Contrib. Natl. Herb, iii, 3, 157 (1895). 102 Wyoming' Experiment Station. specimens, but as the apical portion is early deciduous it appears perfectly straight in maturer blossoms. Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 829); Saw Mill Creek, May 25, 1895 (No. 1258). Fragaria vesca Americana, Porter, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, xvii, 15 (1890). In mountain meadows and valleys, in parks and on wet hillsides everywhere. Sometimes fruiting abundantly, the berries small but sweet. Horse Creek, June 9, 1894 (No. 207). Strmvberry . Fragaria Virginiana Illinoensis, Prince, Gray Man Ed. 5, 155 (1867). This species is rare, at least about Laramie, but specimens col- lected by A. H. Danielson near Jelm Mountain, May, 1895, seem to be of this form (No. 1209). Potentilla anserina, L. Sp. PI. 495 (1753). Common in wet soils, especially near slightly alkali marshes. Laramie all summer. Collected on Green River, August 26, 1894 (No. 1039). Potentilla arguta, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 736 (1814). Formmg immense yellow patches among the rocks in the hills. A fine plant. Pole Creek Hills, June 2, 1894 (No. 95); June 30, 1895 (No/ 1351). Potentilla dissecta, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. (1814). This fine species is probably confined to high elevations. Teton Mountains, August 22, 1894 (No. 970); LaPlata Mines, August 20, 1895 (No. 1773). Potentilla fruticosa, L. Sp. PI. 495 (1753). Common on the banks of mountain streams. Wind River, .August 9, 1894 (No. 748); Little Sandy, August 30, 1894 (No. 1127). Potentilla glandulosa, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xix, t. 1583 (1833). Occasional along streams in sandy loam. . LTnion Pass, August 12,1894 (No. 867); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1493). Potentilla gracilis, Dougl. Hook. Bot. Mag. (1830). This is a most polymorphous species, the forms of it differing strikingly as to tomentum, hirsuteness, leaf margin, etc. It seems First Report on the Flora of Wyoming: 103 probable that a careful examination will show at least some varie- ties which ought to be separated from the species. In wet meadows and along mountain streams. Laramie River, July 9, 1894 (No. .325) ; Wallace Creek, July 29, 1894 (No. H65); Wind River Mountains, August 1.3, 1894 (No. 931); Table Mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1347); La Plata Mines, August 21, 1895 (No. 1821). Potentilla gracilis fastigiata, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 557 (1873). Union Pass, August 13, 1894 (No. 990); Centennial Valley, Au- gust 25, 1895 (No. 1858). Potentilla gracilis flabelliformis, Torr. & Gray, Fl. (1838). A rare and beautiful plant, the deeply pinnatifid leaflets densely white tomentose on the lower surface. Meadow Creek, August 9, 1894 (No. 786), Potentilla Hippiana, Lehm. Nov. Stirp. Pug. ii, 197 (1830). Very common on rocky slopes and hills. Laramie Hills, July 7, 1894 (No. 410); Garfield Peak, July 29, (No. 651) ; Table Mountain, June 29, 1895 (No. 1368). Potentilla Hippiana pulcherrima, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 555 (1S73). Potentilla pitlcherri)na, Lehm. This is not common, and seems to have affinities with P. gracilis, P. Pennsylvanica and P. Hippiana. La Plata Mines, August 22, 1895 (No. 1789). Potentilla humifusa, Nutt. Gen. i, 330 (1818). Common early in the year on gravelly hillsides. Laramie Hills, June 2, 1894 (No. 99); May 18, 1895 (No. 1216). Potentilla Norvegica, L. Sp. PI. 499 (1753). P. Monspeliensis, L. Apparently throughout the state. Platte River and Willow Creek, July 1894 (Nos. 502 and 565); Laramie. September 16, 1894 (No. 1143); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1474). Potentilla Pennsylvanica, L. Mant. 76 (1767). Observed but once. Bessemer, on the Platte River, July 26, 1894 (No. 612). Potentilla Pennsylvanica strigosa, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 356 (1814). In rather dry valleys; more frequent than the species. 104 Wyojning' Experiment Station. V/halen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 525); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1545). Potentilla Plattensis, T. & G. Fl. i, 439 (1838). On sandy flats bordering on streams. Horse Creek. June 9, 1894 (No. 206); Laramie River, June 19, 1894 (No. 2(i5). Potentilla pinnatisecta, n. sp. This form should not have been suppressed. In Watson's King's Report it appears as P. diversifolia pintiatisecta. The points upon which he based the variety are well taken but not strongly enough emphasized. The following, it seems to me, justify the separation of this form from P. Plattensis as a distinct species. P. Plattetisis has been repeatedly observed but only on bottom lands near streams and, I think, thus far, with one exception,* only on streams tributary to the Platte. P. ptntiatisecta is strictly alpine. The speci- mens before me were collected on the naked summits of the Medi- cine Bow Mountains, above timber line at about 11,500 feet, grow- ing among the rocks in the. most bleak and barren places. The two differ markedly in habit as well as in habitat. P. Platt- ensis is decumbent at base, with branches diffuse or loosely spread- ing. P. pinnatisecta, whWe lis hvSiX\c\ies are slightly decumbent at base, yet the plant as a whole may be spoken of as strictly erect. The cymes are more regular and more open. The leaves are longer, leaflets less crowded and inclined to be pedately parted rather than pinately, strictly cuneate at base. Leaves largely rad- ical, those on the stem greatly reduced. Petioles and stems nearly glabrous with a brownish glaucus hue. Leaves glabrous on the upper surface, softly silky villous on the lower. The plant 5-8 inches high. Potentilla supina, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 304(1803), P. paradoxa, Nutt. Not of frequent occurrence; Hartville, July 16, 1894 (No. 555); Cummins, July 28, 1895 (No. 1525), Sibbaldia procumbens, L. Sp. PI. 284 (1753). Frequent at high altitudes, 10,000 ft. and upward. Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 1010); La Plata Mines, August 23, 1895 (No. 1799). *Bot. Death Valley Exped. Comrib. Natl. Herb, iv, 112 (1893. First Report ou the Flora of Wyomi)ig. 105 Chamaerhodos erecta, Bunge. Ledeb. Fl. Alt. i, 431. Observed but once but then in the greatest abundance, on a sand-bar of the Laramie River, June 18, 1894 (No. 261), Agrimonia Eupatoria, L. Walt. Fl. Car. 1.31 (1788). A. Striata, Michx. Not at all common; Laramie Peak, on a wooded stream, August 9, 1895 (No. 1653). Rosa acicularis, Lindl. Ros. Monog. 44, t. 8 (1820). Found most frequently at the foot of dry, clayey creek banks. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 134); Centennial Valley, August 18, 1895 (No. 1697). Hosa Arkansana, Porter, Syn. Fl. Col. 38 (1874). A fine species often met with in wet ravines in the mountains. Mexican Mines, July 20, 1894 (No. 567); Table Mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1336). Eosa blanda, Ait. Hort. Kew. ii, 202 (1779). Rather common in canons and the adjacent hillsides. Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 520); Table Mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1343). Rosa Fendleri, Crepin, Prim. Monog. Ros. 452 (1874). Probably quite rare in the state, Boulder Creek, August 27, 1894 (No. 1101). Rosa Sayi, Schwein. Keating, Long's Exped. Appx. 113. I note that recently this has been made a synonym for R. acicu- laris, but in Watson's Rev. Ros. N. A. 340 (1885), the two forms are kept distinct. If the two forms before me are correctly deter- mined he is amply justified in doing so. Table Mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1643). Also by B. C. Buf- fum, June 6, 1892. Rosa Woodsii, Lindl. Ros. Monog. 21 (1820). A small form, common, in the dry hills and sandy ravines, in- clined to be prostrate. Laramie Hills, June 12, 1894 (No! 242). Pyrus sambucifolia, Cham. & Schlecht. Linn^ea, ii, (1827). Sorbus sanibucifolia, Roem. Rather rare; Teton Mountains, August 22, 1894 (No. 982); also from the Centennial Valley, by B. C. Buffum. io6 Wyoming Experiment Station. Crataegus Douglasii, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21, t, (1810). Very scarce, only a few specimens observed in one locality. These are not typical, yet can hardly belong to the following species though approaching it more closely than any other. Casper, July 25, 1894 (No. 606). Haiuthorn. Cratsegus rivularis, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 464 (1840). Of rather frequent occurrence on some streams. Gros Ventre River August 22, 1894 (No. 1066). Amelanchier alnifolia, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. viii, 22 (183i). Very common in the foothills and along streams. Telephone Canon, June 2, 1894 (No. 117). Amelanchier pumila, Nutt. Roem. Syn. Monog. iii, 145. Prof. E. L. Greene, of Catholic University, Washington, D. C, writes me that in 1893 I sent him some material as A. alnifolia, which, on e.xamination, proves to be the long suppressed A. /«- wz7a of which he writes as follows: "It may be recognized by its being perfectly glabrous; by having much longer and narrower petals and by having its leaves serrate almost from base to apex, whereas A. alnifolia has its leaves serrate only from the middle upwards." . On exammation of the material in our herbarium I find that our 1893 material answers to this description of A. puiiiila perfectly. Laramie Hills, May 1893. Service Berry. SAXIFRAGACE^. Saxifraga 'broncliialis, L. Sp. PI. i, 400 (1753). Teton Mountains, at high elevations, August 21, 1894 (No. 976). Saxifraga Jamesii, Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii, 204. This rare species was observed but once. Jackson's Hole, August 22, 1894 (No. 971). Saxifraga integrifolia, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 249 (1834). Grassy places in the mountains, but not at all common. Bald Mountain, August 16, 1892, B. C. Buffum; Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 930). Saxifraga nivalis, L. Sp. PI. i, 401 (1753). This species is not strictly alpine if this idea be represented solely by altitude. Common, and blossoming in May at 7,000 ft. , and successively throughout the season at higher and higher altitudes. First Report 07i the Flora of Wyoming. 107 Wind River Mountains, July 20, 1892, B. C. Buffum; Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 127); La Plata Mines, August 22, 1895, Saxifraga punctata, L. Sp. PI. 401 (1753). Frequent in wet, shaded ravines at high elevations. Union Pass, August 12, 1894 (No. 843), also from Bald Moun- tain, by B. C. Buffum. Saxifraga Virginiensis, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 269 (1803). This is less common than 6". nivalis which it closely resembles. In the lower valleys of the state. Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892, by B. C. Buffum. Tellima tenella, Walp. Kept, ii, 371 (1843). Rare, on the sandy slopes of valleys. Horse Creek, June 11, 1892; Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Mitella pentandra, Hook. Bot. Mag. Ivi, t. 2933 (1829). Frequent in damp ravines in the mountains, Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 944); Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1623). Mitella trifida, Graham, var. integripetala, Rose. This new variety is founded upon material collected by B. C. Buffum, and sent by myself to Dr. J. N. Rose, who named it and I suppose published it, but 1 am unable to cite the publication. It differs from the species mainly in its entire petals and its leaves, which are incisely dentate rather than crenate dentate. Certainly very rare. Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892. »• Heuchera parviflora, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 581 (1838). Very common on stony ridges and hillsides in the Laramie range. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 163); Table Mountain, June 28, 1895 (No. 1344); also observed in the Medicine Bow Mountains, August 1895. Parnassia fimbriata, Banks, in Koenig & Sims, Ann. Bot. i, 391 (1805). Along streams and in wet thickets at high altitudes. Head of Green River, August 26, 1894 (No. 1034); La Plata Mines, August 22, 1895 (No. 1803). Io8 Wyoming Experiment Station. Parnassia palustris, L. Sp. PI. 273 (1753). Quite rare and not readily distinguished from the next except by the cordate leaves. Bald Mountain, August 16, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Parnassia parviflora, D C. Prodr. i, 320. Rather common on grassy stream banks almost in the water. Fort Washakie, August 5, 1894 (No. 7-16). Jamesia Americana, T. & G. Fl. i, 593 (1840). A very handsome shrub when in blossom. Rare; in rocky- canons. From Saratoga by B. C. Buffum, June 1892; Table Mountain,. July ], 1895 (No. 1418). Ribes aureum, Pursh, Fl. 164 (1814). Common in the canons of the Platte, where the black fruited form seems to predominate. Introduced in Laramie as an orna- mental shrub. Fairbanks, July 18, 1894 (No. 571). Missouri or Flowering Currant. Ribes aureum chrysococcus, Rydberg, Fl. Neb. xxi, 71 (1895). Mr. Rydberg founds this variety upon the character of the fruit. It is what has been called the yellow fruited form of the preceding. Noted by Mr. Rydberg, it may again be stated that there is no dis- cernible difference between the flowers and leaves of the two forms» but the fruits are strikingly dififerent, and apparently the difference is constant. The variety is very common in the Platte canons at Fairbanks and produces large, finely flavored berries in abundance,, which are gathered in large quantities for domestic use by the resi- dents of the place. Fairbanks, July 18, 1894 (No. 571a). Yeliotu Currant. Ribes cereum, Dougl. Trans. Hort. Sor. Lond. vii, 512 (1830). Exceedingly common on dry, rocky hillsides throughout the state. Laramie Hills, May 16, 1894 (No. 30); May, 1895 (No. 1231). Ribes divaricatum, Dougl. Trans, Hort. Soc. Lond. vii, 515 (1830). Presumably rare; Union Pass, Aug. 10, 1894 (No. 862). Ribes divaricatum irrigum, Gray, Am. Naturalist, x, 273. Growing in great profusion in the copses bordering stream banks- and producing an abundance of very acid but pleasantly flavored fruit. First Report on the Flora of IVyovujig. 109 Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 96). Observed in many other parts of the state, but the borders of Wallace Creek may be spoken of as one immense Gooseberry patch. Ribes floridum, L'Her. Stirp. i, 4 (Ehrh. Beitr. vi. 119). Observed but once; Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 541). Ribes lacustre, Poir, Encycl. Suppl. ii, 856 (1811). Very common in copses on canon streams. Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 938); Centennial Valley, fls. June 9. 1895 (No. 1556); fr. August 17, 1895 (No. 1689). Ribes lacustre parvulum, Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 206 (1876). Frequent in wet thickets at subalpine stations. Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 1022); LaPlata Mines, August 23, 1895 (No. 1801). Ribes lacustre moUe, (?) Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 206 (1876). My specimens are'clearly a variety of R. lacustre, but as I have no description of this variety I put it here tentatively. It has larger fruits and is more softly pubescent than the species. Union Pass, August 13, 1894 (No. 1073). Ribes leptanthum, Gray, PI. Fendl. 53 (1849). This horridly prickly form must be very rare in the state for, though it is naturally conspicuous, I have observed it but once. Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (No. 695). Ribes oxyacanthoides, L. Sp. PI. 201 (1753). • Collected only in one locality, and probably confined to the east- ern part of the state. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 129). Ribes oxyacanthoides saxosum, (Hook.) Coville, Contrib. Natl. Herb. iv, 100 (1893). This I at first thought the same as the preceding, but on compar- ing my specimens with description, 1. c, I find that they must be referred to this variety. Bacon Creek, August 25, 1894 (No. 1044). Ribes sanguineum variegatum, Wats. Bot. King Surv. 100 (1871). Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 860). iio Wyoming Experiment Station. CRASSULACE^. Sedum Douglasii, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 228. Rare ; collected at Wheatland, June 11, 1891, B. C. Buffuni. Sedum rodanthum, Gray, Am. Journ Sci. ii, .33. 405. In wet bogs in the mountains; subalpine. Union Pass, August 13, 1894 (No. 929); La Plata Mines, August 23, 1895 (No. 1703). Sedum stenopetalum, Pursh Fl. i, 324 (1814). Exceedingly abundant on rocky slopes in the foothills. Laramie Hills, July 7, 1894 (No. 351); Table Mountain, June 29, 1895 (No. 1467). HALORAGE^. Hippuris vulgaris, L. Sp. PI. 4 (1753). Not at all common ; in a muddy bog in Lander, August 3, 1894 (No. 694). Callitriche palustris, L. Sp. PI. 969 (1753). In shallow ponds and pools ; rather frequent. Near Green River, August 25, 1894 (No. 1102); Centennial Val- ley, August 25, 1895 (No. 1860). Myriophyllum verticillatum, L. hp. PL 992 (1753). Green River, August 26, 1894 (No. 1038). ONAGRACE^. Epilobium adenocaulon, Hausskn. Oest. Bot. Zeitschr. xxix (1879), Common about springs and wet places. Laramie, August, 1891, B. C. ButTum ; Whalen Canon, July 19, 1894 (No. 545); Lander Creek, August 31, 1894 (No. 1107). Epilobium brevistylum, Barbey, Brewer & Wats. Bot. Cal. i, 220 (1876). This specimen I had called E. affine, but a closer study of text and plate in Rev. Epilobium by Trelease leads me to believe that these specimens belong to the above. Wind River Mountains, August 11, 1894 (No. 852). Epilobium delicatum, Trelease, Mo. Bot. Garden Rep. ii, (1891). Of the two specimens before me, the one seems nearly typical, the other is rather large flowered but too immature for close com- parison. First Report on the Flora of Wyojuing. i i i Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1466); Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Epilobium Hornemanni, Reichenb. Icon. Crit. ii. 73 (1824). Again 1 have two specimens, one typical except that it is very dwarf; the other with leaves sessile instead of short petiolate. However, I am unable to refer them to any other species. Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892; LaPlata Mines, August 23, 1895 (No. 1797). Epilobium latifolium, L. Sp. PI. i, 347 (1753). Chatncenerioti lati- Jolium (L.) Sweet. A rare and handsome species. The specimens before me may possibly be \-a.x. grandifloruni, Britton. On a steep clay bank of the Gros Ventre River, August 16, 1894 (No. 1081). Epilobium paniculatum, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 490 (1840). Common on sandy soil among small undershrubs on stream banks. Wallace Creek, July 28, 1894 (No. 643); Cummins, July 28, 1895 (No. 1456). Epilobium spicatum, Lam. Fl. Fr. iii, 482 (1778). Chamcenerion an- gicstifoliwn, (L.) Scop. Common in the mountains,* especially in districts recently burned over. Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (No. 691). Fif'e Weed. Epilobium suffruticosum, Nutt. Large typical specimens were obtained on a dry, rocky creek bed. Warm Spring Creek, August 10, 1894 (No. 798). Clarkia Pulchella, Pursh, Fl. i, 260, t. 11 (1814). Probably rare; specimens received from Snake River, May 29, 1892, collected by Fred McCullough. Gayophytum racemosum, T. & G. Fl. i, 514 (1840). This and the following species grow in the greatest profusion in the hills, in similar habitats,, viz. , dry banks, hillsides and ravines. Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 310); Table Mountain, July 1, 1895 (No. 1371); observed in many other localities. Gayophytum ramosissimum, T. & G. Fl. i, 513 (1840). Saratoga, June 23, 1893 ; Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 308). —9 1 1 2 Wyoming- Experiment Station. (Enothera albicaulis, Nutt. Fraser's Cat. 1813. Afwgra pallida^ Britton. Common on sandy ridges along the Laramie River. Fisher's Ranch, June 19,1894 (No. 264); Whalen Canon, July n, 1894 (No. .")11). (Enothera biennis, L. Sp. PI .346 (1753). Onagra biennis (L.) Scop, The specimens before me show considerable variation, but none of them seem to fall into any of the e.xisting varieties. Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 519); Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1646). (Enothera brachycarpa, Gray, PI. Wright, i, 70. On gravelly hillsides in the mountains ; not frecjuent. Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1274); Gros Ventre River, August 16, 1894 (No. 926). (Enothera breviflora, T. ^: G. Fl. i, 506 (1840). This was found in considerable abundance in one spot only, the naked soil of an old buffalo wallow. Bacon Creek, August 25, 1894 tNo. 1043). (Enothera caespitosa, Nutt. Gen. i, 246 (1818). Abundant on the naked red clay hills near Laramie; May 23, 1894 (No. 58); May 30, 1895 (No. 1221). (Enothera coronopifolia, T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 495 (1840). Anogra coronopifolia, (T. & G.) Britton. Common on the Laramie Plains. L'niversity Campus, June 1894 (No. 222); June 1895 (No. 1426). (Enothera Hartwegi, Benth. PI. Hartw. v, (1843). On dry, gravelly clay hills; not common. Blue Grass Creek, July 9, ]S94 (No. 375). (Enothera Hartwegi lavandulaefolia, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 590 (1873). These specimens are from type locality, viz., "Plains of the Platte." Seemingly quite rare. Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 526). (Enothera pinnatifida, Nutt. Gen. i, 245 (1818). Anogra albicaulis, (Pursh) Britton. Frequent on sandy river bottoms. Wheatland, July 9, 1894 (No. 380); North Fork Wind River,. August 9, 1894 (No. 779). First Report on the Flora of Wyojning. 113 CEnothera serrulata, Nutt. Gen. i. 246 (1S18). Meriolix scmdata, (Nutt.) Walp. Infrequent; Orin Junction, August 14, 1891, B. C. Buffum ; Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 524). (Enothera trichocalyx, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. i, 494 (1840). Particularly rare in the state ; only a few specimens secured. Bull Lake Creek, August 8, 1894 (No. 730). CEnothera triloba, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil, ii, IIS (1821). Lavauxia triloba, (Nutt.) Spach. Gaura COCCinea, Nutt. Eraser's Cat. (181:?). A common weed everywhere. Uva, July 10, 1894 (No. 3()7); Laramie, July 24, 1895 (No. 1430). Gaura parviflora, Dougl. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 208 (1833). Belonging to the lower altitudes of the state. Two Bar Ranch, Blue Grass Creek, July 9, 189-i (No. 370). LOASACE^. Mentzelia albicaulis, Dougl. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 222 (1833). In sandy thickets along streams or on hillsides. Grant, on Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 336); Cummins, July 28, 1895 (No. 1471). Mentzelia chrysantha, Engelm. This is probably rare, as only a few specimens were observed. No citations are at hand; reported from Canon City, Colo., and southern Utah in Coulter's Manual. Big Wind River, August 5,'l894 (No. 705). Mentzelia dispersa, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, xi, 115 and 137. Common in dry ravines in the hills. Table Mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1375); Cummins, July 28, 1895 (No. 1455). Mentzelia Isevicaulis, T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 535 (1840). In disintegrated eruptive rock, Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (No. 678). Mentzelia Nelsonii, Greene, Erythea, iii, 70 (1895). The following is the original description : " Annual, 2 or 3 feet high, freely and widely branching, the stoutish branches with a sparingly hispidulous whitish bark ; lower leaves unknown, those of the branches from distinctly hastate-ovate to almost deltoid-ovate. 1 14 lVj'omi?i£' Experiment Station. 1 or 2 inches long, coarsely toothed or indistinctly lobed, both faces green and rather sparsely appressed-hispidulous, the hairs of the upper surface stouter and more enlarged at base ; flowers many, small, orange-colored, sessile, or nearly so, in the forks and axils; ovary subcyhndric, less than one-half inch long at flowering time and after ; calyx-lobes slenderly subulate at flowering, almost as long as the ovary ; petals 5 only, about 4 Unes long ; stamens few ; filaments filiform ; anthers suborbicular ; capsule and seeds un- known. A very well marked species, certainly aUied to the Mexi- can M. aspera, but much larger and more diffusely branching, the leaves relatively broader." It is probably quite local ; collected in a canon leading to the Platte River, July 13, 189-1 (No. 439). Mentzelia nuda, T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 535 (1840). Frequent, and always in abundance; sandy plains and hillsides ; somewhat variable as to habit. Big Sandy, July 18, 1892 ; Grant, July 8, 1894 (No. 338); Cum- mins, July 29, 1895 (No. 1470). Mentzelia ornata, T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 534 (1840). Also common on sandy foothills near the Platte and its tribu- taries. Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 486); Big Horn Mountains, Au- gust 5, 1892. Mentzelia pumila, T. & G. 1. c. On a stony, gravelly hillside, Cummins, July 29, 1895 (No. 1436). CACTACE^. It is not at all probable that the following numbers represent at all adequately our CactacecE, but the difficulty of preparing good specimens has caused them to be neglected. Cactus viviparus, Nutt. in Fraser's Cat. (1813). This is exceedingly rare ; only two plants thus far observed. lone Ranch, on Laramie River, August 10, 1895 (No. 1865). Echinocactus Simpsoni, Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad, ii, 197 (1863). Frequent on the plains and in the valleys of the Laramie range. Laramie, June 15, 1894 (No. 75). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. I I 5 Cereus viridiflorus, Engelm. PI. Fendl. 50 (1849). Rare, seemingly confined to the east slopes ot the Laramie range. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 113). Opuntia fragilis (?) Haw. Suppl. PI. Succ. 82 (1819). A few specimens from Fairbanks, on the Platte, are thought to belong here. July 14, 1894 (No. 46.5). Opuntia polyacantha platycarpa, (Engelm.) Coulter, Contrib. Natl. Herb. (Ill) vii, 436 (1896). Probably several varieties of this species are found on our plains, but no specimens are at hand except of this. On the dry, gravelly- plains the species, in some form, is immensely abundant, forming in places almost continuous beds. Table Mountain, June 2, 1894 (No. 115). UMBELLIFER^. Sanicula Marylandica, L. Sp. PI. 235 (1753). Rare in the parts of the state collected, but probably frequent in the northeast. Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1607). Musenium tenuifolium, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 642 (1840). Ado- rium temiifoliitm, (Nutt.) Kuntze. Usually reported as rare, but it is found in the greatest profusion in the Laramie range, on rocky ridges. June 7, 1894 (No. 176); Platte Hills, July 11, 1894 (No. 391). Musenium trachyspermum, Nutt. 1. c Common on the Laramie plains, appearing very early. Laramie, May 7, 1894 (No. 10); observed outside of Laramie but not collected. Bupleurum Americanum, C. & R. Seemingly quite rare ; a fine species. Union Pass, August 14, 1894 (No. 893). Bupleurum ranunculoides, L. Sp. PI. 237 (1753). Judging by place of collection, this may be denominated alpine. Teton Peaks, August 21, 1894 (No. 972). Harbouria trachypleura, C. & R. Frequent in fertile mountain valleys at 7,000-8,000 ft. Table Mountain, June 2, 1894 (No. 160); Saw Mill Creek, May 25, 1895 (No. 1238). ii6 Wyoming Experiment Station. Cicuta maculata, L. Sp. PI. 256 (1753). In wet places along streams, particularly in the lower altitudes. Lusk, July 21. 1894 (No. 573); Meadow Creek, August 9, 1894 (No. 790); Laramie River, near lone Ranch, August 10, 1895 (No. 1557). Carum Gairdneri, B. & H. Gen. PI. i, 891. In fertile valleys in the mountains, particularly such as are par- tially covered with undershrubs. The " Yamp " of the Indians. Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (No. 660); Gros Ventre River, Au- gust 18, 1894 (No. 1096). Zizia cordata, DC. Prodr. iv, 100 (1830). Along streams and on moist hillsides even to their summits. Horse Creek, June 9, 1894 (No. 204); Pole Creek, June 29, 1895 (No. 1327). Slum cicutsefolium, Gmelin. Syst. ii, 482 (1791). In the margins of fresh water lakes and ponds. Bull Lake, August 8, 1894 (No. 731); Laramie River, August 10, 1895 (No. 1665). Osmorrhiza nuda, Torr. Pac. Rep. iv, 93 (1857). In copses along most of our streams. Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (No. 650); Centennial Valley, Au- gust 19, 1895 (No 1722). Cymopterus montanus, T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 624 (1840). One of the earhest plants on the plains and hills. Laramie, May 7, 1894 (No. 9); specimens from previous years also in the herbarium. Ligusticum apiifolium, Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. i, 912. A species with handsome foliage, quite rare. Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 832). Ligusticum filicinum, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, xi, 140. These specimens were not secured until after most of the fruit had fallen off, but the remaining fruits and foliage made satisfactory de- termination possible. * Gros Ventre river, August 18, 1894 (No. 1095). Ligusticum scopulorum, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, vii, 347 (1868). Fine specimens were collected at an unusual altitude, nearly 11,- 000 ft. La Plata Mines, August 23, 1895 (No. 1784). First Report on the Flora of IVyouii/i^: 1 1 7 Ligusticum, sp. The plants represented by numbers KUO and 1655 are too im- mature to render determination certain, but Dr. Rose, to whom they were submitted, thinks it probable they are distinct species. Oreoxis humilis, Raf. Rare; Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1431). Selinum Grayi, C & R. In wet places at high elevations. La Plata Mines, August 21, 1895 (No. 1776). Angelica pinnata, Watson, King's Rep. v, 126 (1871). Infrequent; along streams at 7,000-8,000 ft. Upper Wind River, August 10, 1894 (No. 755). Peucedanum graveolens, (?) Watson, King's Rep. v, 128 (1871). P. Kingii, Wats. The material is scanty and over-ripe, but there is little doubt as to the correctness of the determination. Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (No. 649). Peucedanum nudicaule, Nutt. T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 627 (1840). Everywhere in the foothills, the naked scapes shooting up almost before the snow is off the ground. Laramie, May 4, 1894 (No. (i); also on Horse Creek, June 6,1893. Peucedanum simplex, Nutt. Wats. King Rep. v, 129 (1871). Only a few specimens secured. Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 822). Pastinaca sativa, L. Sp. PI. 262 (1753). Introduced at Cheyenne, where it was collected by B. C. Buffum, August n , 1891. Wild Parsnip, Heracleum lanatum, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 166 (1803). On all streams, growing in the greatest profusion in the thickets at the water's edge. Horse C'reek, July 11, 1891 ; collected also high up on the Te- tons, August 21, 1894 (No. 1055). ARALIACE^. Aralia hispida, Vent. Hort. Cels. t. 41. The herbarium contains a single specimen collected by B. C, Buffum in 1892, no locality given. It most probably is from the north-eastern part of the state. Ii8 Wyotning Experiment Station. CORNACE^. Cornus stolonifera, Michx. Fl. i, 92 (1803). An exceedingly common shrub in thickets on most of our streams. Wallace Creek, July 29, 1894 (No. 663); Little Sandy, August 31. 1894 (No. 1125); Table Mountain, July 1, 1895 (No. 1407). CAPRIFOLIACE^. Sambucus melanocarpa, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xix, 76 (1883). Frequent in rocky canons throughout the state. Telephone Canon, June 15, 1894, (No. 253); Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 1026); Centennial Valley, August 18, 1895 (No. 1690). Viljurnum pauciflorum, Pylaie. T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii, 17 (1841). Reported abundant near Sundance, specimens communicated by Mr. H. J. Chassel, September 1, 1895. Symphoricarpos occidentalis, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 285 (1834). On sandy creek banks as an undershrub in the thickets. Blue Grass Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 324); Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1565). Symphoricarpos oreophilus, Gray; Journ. Linn. Soc. & Bot. Calif. In the hills and mountains only at considerable elevations. Casper Mountain, July 26, 1894 (No. 608); Cummins, July 29, 1895 (No. 1509). Symphoricarpos racemosus pauciflorus, Robbins, Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 203 (1867). S. pauciflorus, (Robbins) Britton. A few specimens secured on the eastern slope of the Tetons, August 21, 1894 (No. 958). Lonicera involucrata, Banks, Richards. Bot. App. Ed. 2, 6 (1823). Very common on little mountain streams ; frequently called Grouse Berries. Upper Wind River, August 10, 1894 (No. 758); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1482). Lonicera Utahensis, Wats. Bot. King Surv. 133 (1871). This I think to be very rare in the state. Teton Mountains, August 21. 1884 (No. 934). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 1 1 9 EUBIACE^. Galium boreale, L. Sp. PI. 108 (1753). On every fertile mountain hillside and every valley in the great- est profusion. Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 3-t3); Table Mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1384). Galium trifidum, L. Sp. PI. 105 (1753). Common in wet places, as on the occasionally flooded banks of slow flowing streams. Silver Creek, August 24, 1894 (No. 1115); Centennial Valley, August 19, 1895 (No. 1763). Galium triflorum, Michx. Fl. i, 80 (1803). Not common, collected on a wet, shaded hillside. Centennial Valley, August 17, 1895 (No. 1693). VALERIANACE^. Valeriana edulis, Nutt.; Torr & Gray, Fl. ii. 48 (1841). Very plentiful in the wet meadows bordering the Laramie River. Fisher Ranch, June 19, 1894 (No. 262). Valeriana Sitchensis, Bong. Veg. Sitch. 145. Fine specimens were secured at Clark's, but not observed else- where. Upper Wind River, August 10, 1894 (No. 793). Valeriana sylvatica, Banks; Richards Bot. App. 730 (1823). On wooded hillsides and in wet valleys in the Laramie Moun- tains. This species is very abundant. Telephone Canon, June 15, 1894 (No. 228). Observed in a large number of other places. COMPOSITE. Brickellia grandiflora, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 287 (1841). Coleosanthiis grandiflorus, (Hook.) Kuntze. Frequent on hillsides near the Platte and its tributaries. Fairbanks, July 10, 1894 (No. 423); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1687). Kuhnia eupatorioides, L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2. 1662 (1763). Infrequent ; Laramie, September 1893. 120 Wyojning- Experiment Station. Kuhnia eupatorioides corymbulosa, T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii, 78 (18-11). K. ghitinosa, Ell. Probably confined to the eastern part ot the state. Cliffs, near Cold Spring, July 14, 1894 (No. 457). Liatris punctata, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: .306, t. 55 (183.3). Laci- naria punctata, (Hook.) Kuntze. Abundant in the northern part of Albany and Laramie counties. Wheatland, June 30, 1892, B. C. Buffum ; Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1564). Liatris scariosa, Willd. Sp. PI. iii, 1635 (1804). Lacmaria scariosa, (L.) Hill. The range of this is about the same as the last but it prefers the rich loam of the valleys. Inyan Kara Divide, August 30, 1S92, B. C. Buffum ; Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1651). Liatris squarrosa intermedia, D C. Prodr. v, 129 (1836). Lacmaria squarrosa intermedia, (Lindl.) Porter. Apparently quite local, in the northern part of Laramie county. Rawhide Creek, September 4, 1892, B. C. Buffum; Mexican Mines, July 20, 1894 (No. 588). Gutierrezia Euthamia, T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii, 193 (1841). G. Saroth- rae, (Pursh) Britton & Rusby. The most prevalent of our small undershrubs, particularly on the plains. L'niversity Campus, September 12, 1894 (No. 1133); frequent also on the plains of the Platte. Grindelia sciuarrosa,, Dunal in D C. Prodr. v, 315 (1836). Abundant in all parts of the state thus far traversed. Meadow Creek, August 9, 1894 (No. 777); Laramie, September 16. (No. 1148). Chrysopsis villosa, Nutt. Gen. ii, 151 (1818). In this polymorphous species, with so many intermediate forms, it becomes difficult to say which should receive varietal names. Some of the specimens before me, however, are typical. Platte River, July 14, 1894 (No. 481); Hartville, July 18, 1894 (No. 585), a very villous form. First Report on the Flora of Wyojning. 121 Chrysopsis villosa canescens, Gray, Syn. Fl. 123 (1886). The commoner form in the north-western part of the state. Gros Ventre River, August 16, 189-1 (No. 1084); also observed in the Teton Mountains. Chrysopsis villosa hispida, Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863, 65. This is the form prevalent on the plains about Laramie, State Fisli Hatchery grounds, July 1891, B. C. Buffum. Chrysopsis villosa viscida, Gray, Syn. Fl. 123 (1886). A characteristic mountain form common in the Medicine Bow range. Cummins, July 28, 1895 (No. 1497). Aplopappus acaulis, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, vii, 353. Frequent and abundant on tlie Laramie Plains and in the foot- hills. Laramie Hills, June 1893; plains, west of Laramie, June 9, 1895 (No. 1250). Aplopappus acaulis glabratus, Eaton, Bot. King's Exp. 161. Laramie, 1893. The month not noted, but it was probably col- lected late in the season. Aplopappus armerioides, Gray, Syn. Fl. i, 132 (1886). Stensiiis ar»ierioides, Nutt. Found only on the " red hills " near Laramie. June 15. 1894 (No. 227). Aplopappus Fremonti, Gray, near var. Wardi, Gray. Syn. Fl. i. 128. This fine form I at first thought must be a Bigelovia as it was rayless, but Mr. M. L. Fernald, who kindly made comparison for me with the specimens in the Harvard herbarium, finds that my specimens correspond closely with Ward's the main difference being that mine have longer pappus. Plains, ten miles north of Laramie, August 1, 1895 (No. 1553). Aplopappus lanceolatus, T. & G. Fl. ii, 241. Frequent on grassy slopes and in the valleys of the foothills. Laramie, August 1894 ; Poison Spider Creek, July 27, 1894 (No. 624). Aplopappus Lyalli, Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863, 64. Quite typical specimens of this fine alpine plant were secured. Union Pass, August 13, 1894 (No. 1012). 122 VVyoining Experiment Station. Aplopappus Nuttallii, T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii, 242 (1842). Eriocarpum Grindelioides, Nutt. ' Collected on wet alkali flats. Laramie, October 1893. Aplopappus Parryi, Gray, Am. Journ Sci. Ser. 2, xxxiii, 10. In partially shaded woods among the fallen trees. Centennial Hills, August 17, 189.5 (No. 169.5). Aplopappus pygmaeus, Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. .Ser. 2, xxxiii, 239. Sparingly found on the bleak, rocky summits of the Medicine Bow Mountains, dwarf and somewhat caespitose. La Plata Mines, August 23, 1895 (No. 1875). Aplopappus spinulosus, D C. Prodr. v, 347 (1836). Eriocarpum spinitlosuni, (Pursh) Greene. Very abundant, in some localities becoming a weed. Sheridan Experiment Farm, September 1895, J. F. Lewis ; Cold ' Springs, July 14, 1894 (No. 456). Aplopappus uniflorus, T. & G. Fl. ii, 241. So far found only in the north-western part of the state. Bacon Creek, August 15, 1894 (No. 911); Green River, August 26, 1894 (No. 1035). *Bigelovia collinus, (Greene). Chrysothamnns collitiiis, Greene. For this specimen I am indebted to Prof. Greene. It is quite distinct from all the other forms I have secured. Rock Springs, August 9, 1895, Prof. E. L. Greene. Bigelovia Douglasii, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 645 (1S73). The determination was made by Dr. Rose, but it should be added that the specimens are somewhat immature, and, as stated by him, not in condition to determine with certainty. Laramie, 1893. Bigelovia Douglasii lanceolata, Gray, Syn. Fl. 140 (1886). I judge the specimens before me to be nearly typical ; they come from within the type locality as well. Union Pass, August 14, 1894 (No. 889); also from Bacon Creek. *The nomenclature of this genus is in such a state of contusion, that for the present I adopt that which allows of the quickest and easiest disposition of my material. My library facilities are too meager for me to presume to pass upon the relative merits of Dr. Gray's Bigelovia; Dr. Britton's Chondrophora, and Prof. Greene's Chrysothamnus. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 123 Bigelovia Douglasii pumilla, Gray, Syn. Fl. 140 (1886). Oi frequent occurrence and apparently throughout the state. In 1894 successively at Garfield Peak. Bacon Creek, Boulder Creek and at Laramie, (Nos. 616, 902, 1 121, 1197). Bigelovia Douglasii Stenophylla, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 644 (1S73). Certainly very rare ; noted but once. Centennial Valley, August 26, 1895 (No. 1847). Bigelovia Douglasii tortifolia, Gray, 1. c These varieties run so closely together that it is difficult to speak •with certainty regarding them. Poison Spider Creek, July 26, 1894 (No. 617). Bigelovia graveolens, Gray, 1. c Good specimens of this were obtained on the Platte. Common m the canons and foothills near the river. Platte River July 14, 1894 (No. 503). Bigelovia graveolens albicaulis, Gray, 1. c. Chrysothamnus frigidjis, Greene, Erythea, iii, 112 (1895). This is by far the most abundant form on the Laramie Plains, where in places it forms an almost uninterrupted growth for miles at a stretch. Its characteristics are so well marked that Prof. Greene is well justified in raising it to specific rank. Laramie, August 29, 1891, B. C. Buffum ; E. L. Greene, August l>i95 ; Bacon Creek, August 15, 1894 (No. 910). Bigelovia graveolens glabrata, Gray, 1. c. This variety was observed only on the Pacific slope. Bacon Creek, August 23, 1894 (No 966); Boulder Creek, August 26, (No. 1120). Bigelovia Howardii, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 641 (1873). Prof. Greene * notes this form as pecuhar to mountain parks of Colorado. This was- secured in a similar location in Wyoming. Centennial Valley, August 26, 1895 (No. 1846). Bigelovia linifolia, (Greene). Chrysothamnus Ihiifoliiis, Greene. For this specimen also I am indebted to Prof. Greene; however, on comparing with our material, I find one hsted as B. Douglasii *Erythea, iii, 114. 124 Wyoming Experiment Station. lanceolata that perfectly accords with it. This I cut out and place here Rock Springs, August 9, 1895, E. L. Greene; Poison Spider Creek, July 2(;, 1894 (No. 618). Solidago Canadensis, L. Sp. PI. 878 (1753). Probably confined to the lower altitudes of the eastern part of the state. C. Y. Ranch, Big Muddy, July 23, 1894 (No. 597). Solidago elongata, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. vii, 328 (1841). Frequent on the lower courses of mountain streams. Big Muddy Creek, July 24, 1894 (No. (Ul); Cummins, July 27,. (No. 1479). Also observed on Meadow Creek, 1894. Solidago humilis nana, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 389. Infrequent, 9,000 ft. and upward. Centennial Valley, August 18, 1895 (No. 1680). Solidago Missouriensis, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 32 (1834). The species is much rarer with us than the following varieties. Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1629). Solidago Missouriensis extraria, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xvii, 195. This seems to be the form on the western slope of the Rockies. ■ Bacon Creek. August 15, 1894 (No. 912). Solidago Missouriensis montana, Gray, 1. c. Very common in dry, clayey ravines and on the adjoining hill- sides near the Platte and its tributaries. Uva, July 10, 1894 (No. 382); Cottonwood Canon, August 5, 1895 (No. 1571). Solidago multiradiata. Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 218 (1789). Frequent in the mountains. Warm Spring Creek, August 10, 1894 (No. 800); LaPlata Mines, August 22, 1895 (No. 1771). Solidago multiradiata scopulorum, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xvii, 191 (1882). Only a few specimens were secured, at high elevations, probably 10,000 ft. Teton Mountains, August 22, 1894 (No. 955). Solidago nana, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 327. Not frequent. Upper Wind River, August 10, 1894 (No. 765). First Report on the Flora of Wyoviing. 12$ Solidago rigida, L. Sp. PI. 880 (1753). Not observed by the writer, but good specimens from the north- eastern part of the state. Suggs Road, August 15, 1892, B. C. Buffum ; Sheridan Experi- ment Farm, September 1895, J. F. Lewis. Townsendia grandiflora, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. vii, 306 (1S41). Frequent on the sandy plains in the eastern part of the state. Uva, July 9, 189i (No. 385); Pole Creek, June 30, 1895 (No, 1366). Townsendia sericea, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 119 (1834). T. cxscapa, (Richards) Porter. So far as my observation goes, this is the very earliest flower of southeastern Wyoming. Abundant on the plains and in the foot- hills. Collected May 5, 1894 (No. 7); observed on several years as early as the first week in April. Aster adscendens, Lindl. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 8 (1834). I find this as variable as it is common in the state. Nearly typical specimens from Bacon Creek, Silver Creek, Sweet- water River and Laramie, late August and September (Nos. 1052, 1110, 1196 and 1149). A very pecuhar form from Alyersville, September 5, 1894 (No. 1193). This will probably prove to be a good variety at least. Other specimens from Laramie Peak are not typical, but for the present they are placed here. (Nos. 1561 and 1639). Aster adscendens frondeus, Gray. The citation for this name, which was communicated to me by Prof. Greene, I am unable to give. The specimens indicate a good variety at least. Bacon Creek, August 25, 1894 (No. 1049). Aster adscendens, Lindl. var. ? Three quite different forms I have listed as possible varieties — No. 892 from Bacon Creek, Nos. 964 and 1092 from Gros Ventre River. Aster canescens, Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. 547 (1814). Machcpranthera caiiescens. Gray. 126 Wyoming Experiment Station. The specimens seem hardly typical, but neither are they referable to any of the established varieties. Bacon Creek, August 15, 1894 (No. 904); Gros Ventre River, August 17, 1894 (No. 1089). Aster canescens latifolius, Gray, Torr. in Emory Rep. 141. Infrequent ; on eastern slope of partially wooded mountain side. Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1636). Aster canescens viridis, Gray, Syn. Fl. 206 (1886). A very abundant plant on the Laramie Plains, in places a trou- blesome weed. University Campus September 15, 1894 (No. 1150). Aster commutatus, Gray, Syn. Fl. 185 (1884). A. incanopilosus, (Lindl.) Sheldon. Exceedingly abundant everywhere, some of its forms shading oft" into A. niultiflorus. Big Muddy Creek, July 23, 1894 (No. 598); Laramie, October 10, 1894 (No. 1170). Aster conspicuus, Lindl. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 7 (1840). Infrequent ; on a partially wooded slope in the Gros Ventre Mountains, near the Gros \'entre River, August 22, 1894 (No. 1069). Aster elegans, T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii, 159. This beautiful species seems to belong to the northeastern part of the state, in partially open hillsides. Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 826); Gros Ventre, August 22 (No. 106S). Aster Engelmanni, Gray, Bot. King Surv. 144 (1871). In a rather open copse on the banks of a canon stream. Centennial Valley, August 17, 1895 (No. 1691). Aster foliaceus, Lindl. DC. Prodr. v, 228 (1836). The specimens are typical except that they are somewhat dwarf. Wheatland, July 14, 1891, B. C. Buffum. Aster foliaceus Burkei, Gray, Syn. Fl. 193 (1884). Three good varieties of this at hand, this one from Little Sandy Creek, August 30, 1894 (No. 1132). Aster foliaceus Eatoni, Gray, Syn. Fl. 194 (1884). East Fork, August 25, 1894 (No. 1118). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 127 Aster foliaceus frondeus, Gray, Syn. Fl. 193 (1884). Centennial Valley, August 25, 1895 (No. 1859). Aster Fremontii, Gray, T. & G. Fl. N. A. li, 503. No data on this specimen except collected near Laramie, Octo- ber 3, 1891, by B. C. Buffum. Aster frondosus, T. «& G. Fl. N. A. ii, 165. Brachyactis frondosa, Gray. Frequent in low, wet ground, especially in alkali soil, on the hummocks in alkah bogs. Typical specimens from Laramie, September 7, 1895 (No. 1867); specimens from Seven Mile Lake, October 15, 1894 (No. 1159), remarkable for their size and the great number of large flowers. Aster glaucus, T. & G. FL N. A. ii, 172. In the foothills of all the mountain ranges yet collected. Big Wind River, August 10, 1894 (No. 772); Laramie, Septem- ber 30, 1894 (No. 1151) ; Laramie Peak, August 7. 1895 (No. 1590). Aster Isevis Geyeri, Gray, Syn. Fl. 183 (1884). Collected by B. C. Buffum, Eagle Rock Canon, August 22, 1892. Aster integrifolius, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. ser. vii, 291 (1841). Belonging to the western or Pacific slope, observed only on the west side of Union Pass, August 13, 1894 (No. 1032). Aster Lindleyanus, T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii, 122. It was quite a surprise to find this species so far to the south and west. Laramie Peak, August 6, 1895 (No. 1592). Aster multiflorus, Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 203 (1789). Common throughout the state and quite variable as to habit, hirsuteness and size of flowers. Big Muddy Creek, July 24, 1894 (No. 642); reported from Sheri- dan as a weed on the Experiment Farm. Aster Parryi, Gray, Am. Nat. viii, 212. This beautiful large flowered species is found in the greatest abundance in some parts of the Laramie Plains as is its congener A. xylorrhiza. Usually in separate districts but occasionally striving for the occupancy of the same hillside. Hybrids, I think, sometimes occur, for specimens are found with the characters. of both species well blended. Preferring a red clay soil with a percentage of alkali in it. — 10 128 Wyoinittg Experiment Station. Carbon, June 18, 1894 (No. 256); Miss Lily Boyd; Laramie Plains, June 20, 1895 (No. 1315). Aster ptarmicoides, T. & G. FL N. A. ii, 160 (1841). Rare; typical specimens from Bald Mountain, August 16, 1892,. B. C. Buffum. Aster pulchellus, Eaton, Bot. King Exp. 143. This elegant alpine form occurs at least in the two principal ranges in the northern part of the state. Bald Mountain, August 8, 1892, B. C. Buffum; Union Peak, August 1:5, 1894 (No. 1016) Aster salicifolius, Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 203. From Jackson's Hole, near the base of the Teton Mountains, August 21, 1S94 (No. 1065). Aster tanacetifolius, H B K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. iv, 95 (1820). Frequent on the sandy plains of the Platte. Uva, July 10, 1894 (No. 443). Observed in many other places. Aster xylorrhiza, T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii, 158 This grows even more profusely than the above mentioned A. Parryi, but prefers soil with less alkali. Sandy clay ridges on the height of land between streams. Laramie Plains, June 20, 1895 (No. 1315). Erigeron acris, L. Sp. PI. 863 (1753). Infrequent and alpine ; Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1621).. Erigeron armerifolius, D C. Prodr. v, 291 (1836). (Xiite frequent along stream banks. Head of Green River, August 14, 1894 (No. 908); Cummins, July 29, 1895 (No. 1480). Erigeron csespitosus, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 307 (1841). Frequent on dry stony hillsides in the Laramie Mountains. Blue Grass Creek, July 9, 1894 (No. 334); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 149(;). Erigeron Canadensis, L. Sp, PI. 863 (175.3). Sybille Creek, July 9, 1894 (No. 298); Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 556). Erigeron canus, Gray, Mem. Am. Acad, iv, 67 (1849). My specimens of this are a little scanty and over ripe, but I think there is little doubt of the correctness of the determination. Platte Canon, July 14. 1894 (No. 482). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 129 Erigeron compositus, Pursh, Fl. ii, 535 (1814). Observed only on a clayey, gravelly ridge at the head of Pole- Creek, May 12, 1804 (No. 2(i); May 18, 1895 (No. 1217). Erigeron compositus pinnatisectus, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xvi, 90 (I8SO). In the Medicine Bow Mountains only as yet, 10,000 ft. and upward. La Plata Mines, August 23, 1895 (No. 1816). Erigeron trifidus, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 17 (1834). Near the summit of Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1612). Erigeron corymbosus, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 308 (1841). This fine mountain form is cjuite variable as to the number of heads. In three specimens from different localities I find the stems unicephalous, while only one has the typical corymbose arrange- ment. Telephone Canon, June 15, 1894 (No. 234); Platte Hills, July 24, 1894 (No. 633); Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 859); Centen- nial Hills, June 9, 1895 (No. 1290). Erigeron Coulteri, Porter, in Fl. of Colo., (il. Just a few fine specimens secured at Cummins, July 28, 1895 (No. 1524). Erigeron divergens, T. & G. Fl. ii, 175 (1841). Widely distributed, but not common. Fine specimens from Snake River, Jackson's Hole, August 22, 1894 (No. 1053). Larger and more divergently branched plants from subalpine slopes on Laramie Peak, August 6, 1895 (No. 1635). Erigeron flagellaris, Gray Mem. Am. Acad, iv, 68 (1849). Immature and mature specimens present a very different appear- ance on account of the great lengthening of the stems without a corresponding increase in the number of leaves. Table Mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1386); Laramie Peak, August 6, 1895 (No. 1600). Erigeron glabellus, Nutt. Gen. ii, 147 (1818). E. aspems, Nutt. Our commonest Erigeron, everywhere abundant in wet meadows, somewhat variable. Lander Creek, August 29. 1894 (No. 1117); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (Nos. 1454 and 1536). Specimens from several other locah- ties. I 30 Wyoming Experiment Station. Erigeron subtrinervis, Rydbercr. e. glabellus mollis, Gray. That this is worthy of the specific rank recently accorded it, I think no one will question. Centennial Valley, August 17, 1895 (No. 1692). Erigeron grandiflorus, Hook. Fl. ii, 123. Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892, B. C. But^um, specimens with rays almost white; La Plata Mines, August 24, 1895 (No. 1805), rays purple. Erigeron leiomeris, Gray, Syn. Fl. 211 (1884). Collected on the Grand Teton at about 10,000 ft , at the foot of rocky ledges, August 21, 1894 (No. 1054). Erigeron macranthus, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, .310 (1841). In mountain parks and meadows at 8,000 ft. and upward. Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (No. 647); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1535). Erigeron pumilus, Nutt. Gen. ii, 147 (1818). Frequent in sandy, grassy valleys in the Laramie Mountains. Laramie Hills, June 7, 1894 (No. 169); Table Mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1339); observed in many other localities. Erigeron radicatus, Hook. Fl. ii, 17. On dry, stony ridges and subalpine table lands. State Fish Hatchery grounds, Laramie, May 28, 1892, B. C. Bul- fum ; Table Mountain, June 2, 1894 (No. 143). Erigeron salsuginosus, Gray, Proc, Am. Acad. .\vi, 93 (1880). Wyoming must be the natural home of this splendid species, judging by the luxuriance of its growth. Superb specimens with heads two inches in diameter are of frequent occurrence along our mountain streams. Union Pass, August 12, 1894 (No. 895); Centennial Hills, August 16, 1895 (No. 1775). Erigeron strigosus, Muhl. Willd. Sp. PI. iii, 1956 (1804). E. ramosus, (Walt.) B. S. P. Infrequent, Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 851). Erigeron uniflorus, L. Sp. PI. 864 (1753). This, with us, alpine form varies greatly as to size and hirsute- ness. Specimens from Teton Mountains, August 22, 1894 (No. 969), are only 1-2 inches high, the involucre hirsute with sparse light First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 131 colored hairs. Those from the Medicine Bow Mountains, August 23, 1895 (No. 1772) are 4 (i inches high, stems bearing -i-ii leaves; involucre densely black lanate, rays white, heads 1 inch in diam- eter. I suggest the varietal name melanoceplialus for this form. Erigeron ursinus, Eaton, Bot. King's Exp. 148 (1871). On rocky hills and ledges, 7,000-11,000 ft., successively through- out the season. Table Mountain, June 2, 1894 (No. 144); La Plata Mines, August 2.3, 189.5 (No. 179.5). Filago depressa, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xix, 3. Not having seen an authentic F. depressa, I give the above determination with some reservation. In a gravelly hollow near the Little Laramie River, Centennial Valley, August 19, 1895 (No. 1751). Antennaria alpina, Gitrtn. Fr. & Sem. ii, 410 (1791). Frequent, on dry hillsides. Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 853); Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1265), Antennaria Carpathica pulcherrima, Hook. Fl. i, 329 (1834). Probably throughout the state, in the rich soil of thickets. Pole Creek, June 9, 1894 (No 110); Union Pass, August 12, 1894 (No. 819). Antennaria dioica, Ga^rtn. 1. c. Of this variable species we have our full share of forms. Lara- mie, Inyan Kara Divide, Wind River and Green River are places from which specimens are at hand (Nos. 762 and 885). Antennaria dioica congesta. D C. Prodr. vi, 269. This is of frequent occurrence, sometimes with closely depressed stems, at other times, stems several inches in length. Separable from the species by the compactness of the heads. Laramie, June 28, 1894 (No. 291). A form with strikingly rose- ate bracts probably belongs here. Antennaria racemosa, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 330 (1834). Rare, and but a few specimens secured. Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 812). Anaphalis margaritacea, Benth. & Hook. Gen. PI. ii, 303 (1873). Antennaria tnargaritacea, (L.) Hook. In deeply shaded copses at the foot of mountains. 132 IVyojning Expei'imcnt Station. Tetons, August 21, 1894 (No. 959); Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1604). Anaphalis margaritacea subalpina, Gray, Syn. Fl. 233 (1884). On a rocky creek bed, Centennial Valley, August 16, 1895 (No. 1669). Gnaphalium palustre. Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. n. sen vii, 404 (1841). Not common. Wheatland, August 8, 1891, B. C. Buftum; Atlantic City, September 3, 1894 (No. 1186). Iva axillaris, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 743 (1814). A troublesome weed in some localities; frecjuent on the sandy plains of the Platte. Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. -176). Poverty Weed. Iva xanthifolia, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) vii, 347 (1841). Infrequent; Willow Creek, July 20, 1894 (No. 569); Cheyenne, August 11, 1891, B. C. Buftum. Ambrosia psilostachya, D C. Prodr. v, 526 (1836). An exceedingly annoying weed, its root-stocks making it almost impossible to destroy it by cultivation. Wheatland, August 11, 1891, B. C. Buffum ; Fairbanks, July 11, 1894 (No. 425); Laramie, September 30, 1894. Ambrosia trifida, L. Sp. PI. 987 (1753). Infrequent in the state as yet. Ford J. Ranch, on Willow Creek, July 21, 1894 (No. 563). Franseria discolor, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) vii, 345 (1841). Gcertneria discolor, (Nutt.) Kuntze. One more of our weeds; "the more it is dug up the better it thrives." University campus, July, 1891. B. C. Buftum ; Hartville, July 15, 1894 (No. 550). Franseria Hookeriana, Nutt. 1. c dcrtneria acanthicarpa, (Hook.) Britton. Frequent on sandy plains. Inyan Kara Divide, August 30, 1892, B. C. Buft"um ; Big Wind River, August 5, 1894 (No. 707); Sweetwater River, September 9, 1894 (No. 1190). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 133 Xanthium Canadense, Mill. Card. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 2 (1768). Not frequent; Cheyenne, August 9, 1891, B. C. Buffum ; Platte River, July 14. 1S94 (No. 485). Gymnolomia multiflora, Benth. & Hook. Rothr. Bot. Wheeler Surv. 160 (1876). Only from Snake River thus far, August 21, 1894 (No. 1064). Rudbeckia hirta, L. Sp. PI. 907 (1753). Common throughout the state. Specimens from Cheyenne, Laramie, Big Muddy Creek, and Cummins, (Nos. 600, 1144, 1459). Rudbeckia laciniata, L. Sp. PI. 906 (1753). Common on streams in eastern part of the state. Cottonwood Canon, August 5, 1895 (No. 1575). Lepachys columnaris, T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii, 314 (1842). This and the following variety are common on the plains and hills about the Platte Uva, July 10, 1894 (No. 386). Lepachys columnaris pulcherrima, T. & G. 1. c. This form maintains itself pretty uniformly in given areas, so seems entitled to varietal name. Willow Creek, July 20, 1894 (No. 570). Balsamorrbiza sagittata, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 349 (1841), Occasionally growing in the greatest profusion in dry, stony ravines. Laramie Hills, by B. C. Buffum, June 24, 1892; June 9, 1894 (No. 213). Balsamorrhiza macrophylla, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 350 (1841). Very rare, but one specimen found. LInion Pass, August 10. 1894 (No. 921). Wyethia amplexicaulis, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 349 (1841). Infrequent; Laramie Hills, June 21, 1891, B. C. Buffum; Union Pass Hills, August 11, 1894 (No. 816). Belianthus annuus, L. Sp. PI. ii, 904 (1753). A common weed in some locahties. Cheyenne, August 11, 1891, B. C. Buffum; Fairbanks, July 12, 1894 (No. 432). 1 34 Wyoming Experiment Station. Helianthus giganteus, L. Sp. PI. 905 (1753). Near streams and in wet bottoms; not frequent. Muskrat Creek, July 30, ISOi (No. 684); Laramie, October 6, 1894 (No. 1169). Helianthus Nuttallii, T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii, 324 (1842). Secured only west of the Wind River Mountains. Gros Ventre River, August 16, 1894 (No. 1083). Helianthus pumilus, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 366. Frequent on dry slopes and hilltops. Platte River Hills, July 14, 1894 (No. 501); also from Casper. Helianthus rigidus, Desf. Cat. Hort. Paris. Ed. 3, 184 (1813). Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 528); Laramie Peak, August 6, 1895 (No. 1578). Helianthella quinquenervis, Gray, Proc. Am, Acad, xix, 10. In the mountains, in open places near streams. Bald Mountain, by B. C. Buffum ; Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 803); Laramie Peak, August 6, 1895 (No. 1654). Thelesperma gracile, Gray, Kew. Journ. Bot. i, 252 (1849). Frequent on the hills near the Platte Riiver. Near Fort Laramie by B. C. Buffum ; Blue Grass Hills, July 8, 1894 (No. 321). Bidens frondosa, L. Sp. PI. 832 (1753). Frequent in the eastern part of the state. Wheatland, September 1892 ; Sheridan Experiment Farm, Sep- tember 1895, J. F. Lewis. Bidens cernua, L. Sp. PI. 832 (1753). In wet places about Wheatland, September 1892, B. C. Bufium. Madia glomerata, Hook. Fl. ii, 24. A rare plant ; in dry rich loam soil. Big Wind River, August 2, 1892, B. C. Buffum ; Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1593). Chsenactis Douglasii, Hook. & Am. Bot. Beechy. 354 (1840-41). On abrupt stony clay hills. Mouth of Bacon Creek, August 15, 1894 (No. 909); Cummins, July 25, 1895 (No. 1439). Chsenactis Douglasii alpina, Gray, Syn. Fl. 341 (1884). On subalpine stony hilltops ; easily distinguished from the species by its striking rosette of radical leaves and its smaller size. First Report on the Flora of WyomiJig. 135, Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (No. 653); Cummins, July 2(J, 1895 (No. 1438). Hymenopappus filifolius, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 317 (1833). Frequent on the dry slopes of the Platte and Laramie River hills at 5,000-7,000 ft. Sybille Creek, July 7, 1894 (No. 328); Table Mountain, June 29, 1895 (No. 1369). Hymenopappus ligulseflorus, n. sp. Perennial from a multicipital caudex, each division bearing one leafy stem, 5-8 inches high, glabrous but for some floccose wool on the crown of caudex ; leaves simply pinnate into about five linear divisions, impressed punctate ; heads few, corymbosely cymose, about >^ inch high ; involucral bracts oblong, hirsute-villous on the margins, resinous-atomiferous as are also the corollas, the whole strong scented ; rays 6-8, '3 inch long ; lobes of disk corollas very short and erect ; achenes short villous ; pappus of thin acuminate paleae, in this respect allying it more closely to Hymenothrix ; flowers yellow. Mr. L. Fernald, assistant in Gray Herbarium, who kindly exam- ined it for me, reports it as a form of H. filifolius, but 1 cannot see why it should be left there. Collected on the north Laramie Plains, about six miles from Owen, August 5. 1895 (No. 1573). BaMa chrysanthemoides, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xix, 28. Noted at Laramie Peak only, August 6, 1895 (No. 1634). Bahia oppositifolia, Nutt. T. «& G. Fl. N. A. ii, 376 (1842). Common on the dry, sandy plains of the Platte ; July 1894 (Nos. 332 and 602). Eriophyllum caespitosum, (Dougl.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. xiv, 1167 (1828). Probably confined to the northwestern part of the state. B. C. Buffum, in 1892 without data ; Gros Ventre River, August 18, 1894 (No. 1099). Eriophyllum caespitosum leucophyllum, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xix, 25. Very rare, in dry stony ravine. Warm Spring Creek, Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 801). 136 Wyoming Experiment Station. Dysodia chrysanthemoides, Lag. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 29 (1816). D. papposa, (Vent.) A. S. Hitchc. Common in the eastern part of the state. From Wheatland, by B. C. Buffum, August 11,1891; Platte River, July 14, 1894 (No. 499). Helenium autumnale, L. Sp. PI. 886 (1753). Very frequent on river bottoms. Popo Agie River, August 1, 1894 (No. 736); lone Ranch, August 10, 1895 (No. 1664). Helenium Hoopesii, Gray, Proc. Acad. Phil. 65 (1863). Infrequent; Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 841). Gaillardia aristata, Pursh, Fl. ii, 573. Frequent and quite variable especially as to foliage. Probably throughout the state. Platte River Hills, July 11, 1894 (No. 417); Pole Creek, June 27, 1895 (No. 1326). Actinella acaulis, Nutt, Gen. ii, 173. Very frequent indeed in various forms, the earlier individuals scapeless as well as stemless. Laramie Hills, June 7, 1894 (No. 177); Table Mountain, June 27, 1895 (No. 1300). Actinella glabra, (Nutt.) n. sp. If ever a plant deserved specific rank, this one does. Many as are the forms of A. acaulis, by necessity, there is no excuse for making this one of them. It is clearly separated from that by the much longer branches of the caudex, which are closely covered with the persistent bases of dead petioles, all of which are com- pletely enveloped in long, densely matted wool, brownish-red, except at the summit, where it becomes continuous with the white persistent wool of the scape and involucre. Leaves longer, glab- rous and strongly impressed-punctate ; heads large, 1 inch or even more across. Roots enormous, sometimes several feet in length ; the multicipital caudex forming raised rounded tufts 6-12 inches across, which very early in the spring become covered with fine yellow heads. A. acaulis glabra. Gray. A. glabra, Nutt. Exceedingly abundant in the Laramie Hills, where it is in blos- som from April to June (Nos. 36 and 1233). Fii'st Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 137 Actinella grandiflora, T. &. G. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. Soc. v, 110. Rare ; probably strictly alpine. On the naked summits of the Medicine Bow Mountains, August 23, 1895 (No. 1822). Actinella Richardsonii, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 379. Rare ; only a few specimens secured. Centennial Hills, August 19, 1895 (No. 1688). Actinella scaposa linearis, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 378. This is a common species in sandy, grassy valleys in the hills. Table Mountain, June 2. 1894 (No. 91); June 29, 1895 (No. 1341). Achillea millefolium, L. Sp. PI. ii, 899 (1753). From the summits of our mountains to our lowest valleys. Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 409); Wind River Mountains, August 8, 1894. Anthemis cotula, L. Sp. PI. 894 (1753). Introduced in Laramie and possibly elsewhere but apparently not thriving. It would soon disappear were in not reintroduced. Laramie, October 1894 (No. 1160). Tanacetum capitatum, T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii, 415. Infrequent ; Laramie, in the " red hills," June 15, 1894 (No. 226). Artemisia biennis, Willd. Phytogr. 11 (1794). Very common in waste ground about the city. Laramie, September 18, 1894 (No. 1145). Artemisia cana, Pursh. Fl. ii, 521. This seems to belong to the western slope, where, in the fertile creek valleys, it is the prevailing species. Bacon Creek, August 25, 1894 (No. 1042); Lewiston, September 5, 1894 (No. 1183). Artemisia Canadensis, Michx, Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 129 (1803). Of frequent occurrence on the Big Wind River ; by B. C. Buf- fum, August 2, 1892; August 5, 1894 (No. 710); Laramie Peak, August 6, 1895 (No. 1660). Artemisia dracunculoides, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 742 (1814). Infrequent in the parts of the state collected ; Eagle Rock Canon, August 22, 1892, B. C. Buffum. 138 Wyoming Experiment Station. Artemisia filifolia, Torn Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii, 211 (1827). This fine species is also rare unless it be in the northeastern part of the state. Inyan Kara Divide, August 30, 1892, B. C. Bcffum. Artemisia frigida, Willd. Sp. PI. iii, 1838 (1804). Perhaps the commonest of our long list of " sages," appearing everywhere on the dry plains and in the hills. Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 861); University campus^ September 16, 1894 (No. 1135); Sheridan Experiment Farm, Sep- tember 1895. Artemisia Ludoviciana, Nutt. Gen. ii, 143 (1818). Quite variable, differing especially as to foliage and compactness of panicle. On creek banks throughout the state. Laramie, October 6, 1894 (No. 1171); Laramie Peak, August 5» 1895 (No. 1643). Artemisia Ludoviciana integrifolia, n. var. Leaves all entire, large, (1-3 inches long), narrowly lanceolate, margins revolute ; panicle strict, heads fewer and larger than in the species. Willow Creek, July 20, 1894 (No. 568). Artemisia Mexicana, Willd. Spreng. Syst. iii, 490. Infrequent; Sweetwater Stage Station, September 9, 1894 (No. 1181). Artemisia Norvegica, Fries, in Liljeb. Fl. (1815). A handsome plant, infrequent, alpine. Union Peak, August 12, 1894 (No. 897). Artemisia scopulorum, Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 66 (1863). Probably in all our alpine regions. Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 989); La Plata Mines, August 22, 1895 (No. 1779). Artemisia tridentata, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) vii, 398 (1841). This is the shrub that is generally designated by the term " sage brush," whereas the term sage is applied indiscriminately to the preceding. It is, perhaps, the most characteristic shrub of the Wyoming plains and valleys. Its presence indicates soil of good quality, reasonably free from alkali. Of very slow growth, but on First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 139 some creeks reaching the dignity of small trees and furnishing ex- cellent fuel. Boulder Creek, August 25, 1894 (No. IJll). Artemisia trifida, Nutt. 1. c No specimens of this species are at hand but it is known to be in the state. Noted by Prof. W. C. Knight, on Seminoe Mountains, May 6, 1896, at about 8,000 ft. altitude. Petasites sagittata, Gray, in Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. i, 407 (1876). Tussilago sagittata, Pursh. Rare ; in a wet, boggy meadow. Pole Creek, May 25, 1894 (No. 81). Arnica alpina, Olin. Mon. Arn. Upsala (1799). Very abundant about Table Mountain, where it was collected June 2, 1894 (No. 148); June 30, 1895 (No. 1383). Arnica amplexicaulis, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 408. Frequent in copses in fertile subalpine valleys. Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 933); Centennial Hills, August 19, 1895 (No. 1702). Arnica Chamissonis, Less. Linnasa, vi, 317 (1831). Frequent in the mountains. Pine Creek, by B, C. Bufum ; Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No, 995); La Plata Mines, August 23. 1895 (No. 1785). Arnica cordifolia, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 331 (1833). Exceedingly abundant ; in woods and copses in the mountains from their bases to their summits. Somewhat variable, the radical leaves often reduced and ovate rather than cordate. Horse Creek June 9, 1894 (No. 215); Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 871); also from the Centennial Valley. Arnica foliosa, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii, 407. Probably rare; collected only on upper Wind River, August 10, 1894 (No. 766). Arnica foliosa incana, Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 416 (1876). Specimens from Pine Creek, by Prof. B. C. Buffum, presumably nearly typical ; others less so from Saratoga, July 2, 1893, by J. D. Parker. 140 Wyoming Experiment Station. Arnica latifolia, Bong. Veg. Sitch. 147. A beautiful subalpine species, probably in all of our mountains. Bald Mountain, B. C. Buffum, in August 1892; Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 836); noted in Medicine Bow Mountains. Arnica longifolia, Eaton, Bot. King Exp. 186. Decidedly rare; Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 957). Senecio amplectens taraxacoides, Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 67 (1863). Very rare ; only a few specimens from the Teton Mountains, August 22, 1894 (No. 987). Senecio aureus, L. Sp. PI. ii, 870 (1753). This and many of its varieties are well represented in our flora. The individual variation is often so great that it is difficult to assign some specimens to any of the numerous varieties already created. Specimens from Green River, August 26, 1894 (No. 1036), and Wind River, August 10, 1894 (No. 760) I think are nearly typical, as are also some from Beaver Creek and Laramie, by B. C. Buffum. Senecio aureus borealis, T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii, 442. On the rocky slopes of the Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 979). Senecio aureus croceus, Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 68 (1863) This is a frequent form in subalpine meadows. Union Pass. August 10, 1894 (No. 858); La Plata Mines, August 20, 1895 (No. 1753). Senecio aureus obovatus, T. & G. Fl N. A. ii, 442. Typical specimens from Big Wind River, August 5, 1894 (No. 704); doubtful ones from La Plata Mmes, August 23, 1895 (No. 1769). Senecio Balsamitae (?) Muhl. Willd. Sp. PI. iii, 1998 (1804). I think there is little doubt of the two sets of specimens before me belonging here ; they lack the root leaves upon which the description partly hinges, but seem normal otherwise. Eagle Rock Canon, August 2, 1892, B. C. Buffum; Cummins, July 30. 1895 (No. 1492). Senecio canus, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 333 (1834). This strongly marked species is of frequent occurrence in the state. Our specimens are large, stoloniferous and slightly decum- bent at base. First Report on the Flora of VVyo7ning. 141 Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 7(51); Table Mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1.364). Senecio crassulus, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xix, 54. Probably in the subalpine regions of all our mountains. A large form in Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 809); smaller and more typical. Union Peak, August 13, (No. 1027); La Plata Mines, August 21, 1895 (No. 1770). Senecio Douglasii, D C. Prodr. vi, 429 (1837). This is of frequent occurrence, the three main forms being repre- sented : 1. Glabrous, stems branched, leaves broad, with broad, unequal lobes; rays long, narrow (6-10). This is probably the suppressed Senecio fastigiaius. Gray. 2. Slightly pubescent-tomen- tose stems paniculately branched only at summit ; leaves pinnately parted into linear lobes, the rays few and inconspicuous. This form is Bentham's Senecio longilobiis. 3. Glabrous, stems very numerous from a woody base, strict ; leaves entire, linear ; inflor- escence a short cymose panicle ; rays long and conspicuous. This is Senecio Ridellii, T. & G. I see no reason why forms so distinct should not be kept separ- ate. 1. From Pole Creek, July 1, 1895 (No. 1389); 2. Sybille Hills, July 8, 1894 (No. 302), and Cummins, July 27, 1895 (No. 1441); 3. Cummins, July 27, 1895 (No. 1440). Senecio eremophilus, Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. Ed. 2, 31. Infrequent; Cummins, July 29, 1895 (No. 1491). Senecio Fendleri, Gray, PI. Fendl. 108. A very common form in stony clay hills. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 124); Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1297). Senecio hydrophilus, Nutt. Frequent, but never plentiful ; in wet and sometimes boggy places. Bacon Creek, August 15, 1894 (No. 915); Cummins July 28, 1895 (No. 1458). Senecio integerrimus, Nutt. Gen. ii, 165. Very frequent in fertile, open valleys in the mountains. Union Pass, August 14, 1894 (No. 891); Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 1002); Table Mountain, June 26, 1895 (No. 1333). 142 Wyojning Experiment Station. Senecio lugens, Richards. Bot. App. 748 (1823). Very common and of many forms which probably are worthy of varietal distinction. The following numbers appear early on hill- sides and valleys and are probably near the type: Table Mountain, June 2, 1894 (No. 128); Centennial Valley, June 9, 189.") (No. 130.5). Senecio lugens foliosus, Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 413. On hillsides, in rich loam soil among undershrubs. Union Pass, August 13, 1894 (No. 999); Centennial Valley, June 9. 1895 (No. 1246). Senecio lugens megalocephalus, n. var. Radical leaves large, irregularly and coarsely dentate ; cauline leaves small or wanting ; stem branched from near the base into several slender branches 8-12 inches long, each bearing a few (3-5) large heads (5-8 lines high). The whole plant is very tardily glabrate. In thickets on moist hillsides. Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1252). Senecio rapifolius, Nutt. Said to be a very rare plant. Sweetwater River, September, 1894 (No. 1180); Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1589). Senecio serra, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 333 (1834). Infrequent; near Warm Spring Creek, August 10, 1894 (No. 771). Senecio serra integriusculus, Gray, Syn. Fl. 387 (1884). S. Andinus, Nutt. A rare plant ; in the Union Pass hills, August 10, 1894 (No. 876). Senecio triangularis, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 332 (1834). On wet banks in copses in mountain canons. Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 936); Cummins, July 31, 1895 (No. 1519). Senecio wernersefolius, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xix, 54. Frequent in the "red hills " (Tertiary) about Laramie, June 15, 1894 (No. 224); Table Mountain, June 29, 1895 (No. 1379). Tetradymia canescens, D C. Prodr. vi, 440 (1837). On the dry plains of the Platte ; Big Muddy Creek, July 23, 1894 (No. 605). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 143 Tetradymia canescens inermis, Gray. While not separated from the species by any strong botanical characters, yet readily distinguished by foliage and general habit. Wallace Creek, July 29, 1894 (No. 656). Cnicus altissimus filipendulus, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xix, 56. Specimens received from Sheridan Experiment Farm seem to belong to this variety, probably introduced with farm seeds. Sep- tember, 1895. Onicus Americanus, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xix, 56. In the dry foothills near the Laramie River; not frequent. Cummins, July 29. 1895 (No. 1512) Cnicus arvensis, Hoffm. Deutch. Fl Ed. 2, 1: Part 2, 130 (1804). Cardnus arvensis, (L.)Robs. Thus far this, the Canada Thistle, has been reported from only one place in the state. Specimens from Sheridan, September 1895, J. F. Lewis. Cnicus Drummondii, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, x, 40. Cardinis pumilus. Hook. Very frequent throughout the state. Laramie, September, 1893: Union Pass, August 14, 1894 (No. 881); Cummins, July 27, 1895 (No. 1469). Cnicus lanceolatus, Hoffm. Cardnus lanceolatus, L. Becoming plentiful in vacant lots and along the irrigation ditches. Cnicus ochrocentrus, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xix, 57 (1883). In dry, open ground in the hills ; frequent. Laramie Hills, July 7, 1894 (No. 414); Gros Ventre River, August 22, 189i (No. 1070). Cnicus undulatus, Gray, Proc Am. Acad, x, 42 (1874). Cardnus undutatus, Nutt. Frequent; Cheyenne, August 11, 1891, B. C. Buffum ; Laramie, October 2, 1894 (No. 1156). Cnicus Virginianus, Pursh, Fl. ii, 506 (1814). Cardnus Virginianus, L. Very rare ; a few specimens irom a dry bank, Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1563). Crepis acuminata, Nutt. Trans, Am. Phil. See. vii, 437. On dry, sometimes stony ground, in the hills and mountains. Laramie, July 7, 1894 (No. 356); Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 919). 144 Wyoming Experiment Station. Crepis elegans, Hook, Fl. i, 297. A very rare plant ; noted but once. Union Pass, August 12, 1894 (No. 1076). Crepis glauca, T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii, 488 (1843). Frequent in wet alkali meadow lands. Meadow Creek, August 9, 1894 (No. 787): Centennial Valley, August 16, 1895 (No. 1673). Crepis intermedia, Gray, Syn. Fl. 432 (1884). Rare ; secured by B. C. Buffum on the Wind River, August 2, 1892. Crepis intermedia gracilis, Gray. Syn. Fl. 432 (1884). Frequent on dry hillsides in the Laramie range. Table Mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1393). Crepis runcinata, T. & G. Fl. N. A. ii, 487 (1843). Infrequent; secured by B. C. Buffum near Big Wind River, Au- gust 1, 1892. Hieracium albiflorum, Hook. Fl. i, 298. Abundant on a dry hillside among the fallen timber in a burned- over district. Centennial Hills, August 16, 1895 (No. 1678). Hieracium Canadense, Michx. Fl. ii, 86 (1803). Infrequent; Wolf Creek, August 18, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Hieracium Fendleri, Schultz, Bip. Bonplandia, ix, 173. As near as I can judge without other material for comparison, these specimens are nearly typical. Plentiful on the banks of the Little Laramie River, in the Centen- nial Valley, August 25, 1895 (No. 1857). Hieracium gracile, Hook. Fl. i, 298. Verv typical specimens from the Medicine Bow Mountains, where in the alpine region it is found in the greatest profusion. August 23, 1895 (No. 1802). A very diminutive form was secured on the Teton Mountains; radical leaves only 3-6, stems single, bearing one to four heads. Var. minimum would be a suitable designation. August 21, 1894 (No. 1060). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 145 Hieracium Scouleri, Hook. Fl. i, 298. Very abundant on the Gros Ventre Hills, but not observed east of the Wind River Mountains. August 23, 1894 (No. 963). Troximon aurantiacum, Hook. FI. i, 300, t. 104. Infrequent; Pole Creek, June 29, 1895 (No. 1342). Troximon aurantiacum purpureum, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xix, 72. Found occasionally in the vicinity of Laramie ; Pole Creek, June 30, 1895 (No. 1376); Hutton's Grove, August 9, 18yl, B. C. Buffum. Troximon cuspidatum, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 742 (1814), Nothocalais cuspidaia (Pursh) (ireene. Somewhat variable ; only a few of my numerous specimens typical ; possibly some of them should be cut out. Frequent but scatterinjf. Laramie, August 1893 ; Wallace Creek, July 29, 1894 (No. 673); from several other places and noted in many localities. Troximon glaucum, Pursh, Fl. 505 (1814). Agoseris glauca (Pursh) Greene. Frequent in the grassy valleys in the hills and mountains. Eagle Rock Canon, August 22, 1892, B. C. Buffum ; Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 870). Troximon glaucum dasycephalum, T. & G. Syn, Fl. 432 (1884). Seemingly nearly alpine and occasionally very abundant. Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 868); La Plata Mines, August 21, 1895 (No. 1765). Troximon glaucum laciniatum, Gray, Bot. Cal. This form I have never been able to locate to my satisfaction, but I am unable to place it under any other name. It is of very frequent occurrence among the sage brush in the Laramie Hills ; June 2, 1894 (No. 125); Pole Creek, June 29, 1895 (No. 1376). Taraxacum officinale, Weber, Prim. Fl. Hoist. 56 (1780). T. Tarax- acuDi, (L.) Karst. Apparently the Dandelion found its ideal home when it reached Laramie. It occupies every foot of ground along the irrigation ditches of our streets and takes complete possession of the lawns where eternal warfare is not waged upon it. In luxuriant growth and blossom from April to November (No. 80). 146 Wj/oining^ Experiment Station. Taraxacum officinale alpinum, Koch. Fl, Germ. & Helv. 428 (1837). Of the several forms of native Dandelions this seems to be the most frequent. Abundant in the high, grassy valleys of the Lara- mie range. Pole Creek, June 2, 189J (No. 109); Centennial Valley, August 17, 1895 (No. 1715). Taraxacum officinale lividum, (?) Koch. Some specimens collected by B. C. Buffum, 1892, are doubtfully placed here, and some with nearly entire glaucesent leaves are for the present passed over. Lactuca leucophaea, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xix, 73. Probably very rare in the state. Centennial Valley, August 16, 1895 (No. 1674). Laetuca Ludoviciana, DC. Prodr. vii, 141 (1838). Rare ; possibly confined to the eastern part of the state. Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1596). Lactuca pulchella, D C. Prodr. vii, 134 (1838). Very frequent in the fertile soil of valleys. Blue Grass Creek, July 13, 1894 (No. 445); Laramie, September 16, 1894 (No. 1146). Sonchus asper, (L.) All. Fl. Ped. i, 222 (1785). This has found its way into several parts of the state ; Lander, August 3, 1894 (No. 872); Evanston, September 1, 1894, sent by Dr. Solier Lygodesmia grandiflora, T. & G. Fl. ii, 485. Very rare ; some specimens by B. C. Buffum from near Tie Siding, July 18, 1891. Lygodesmia juncea, Don. Edinb. Phil. Journ. vi, 311 (1829). A " weedy " plant very common on the Laramie Plains. University campus, September 26, 1894 (No. 1165). Skeleton Weed. Stephanomeria minor, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) vii, 427 (1841). Ptitoria tenidfolia, (Torr.) Raf. Probably not rare, though observed but twice. Gros Ventre Hills, August 16, 1894 (No. 925); also a small form of it from Laramie Peak, August 24, 1895 (No. 1624). First Report on the Flora of IVyoming. 147 Stephanomeria runcinata, Nutt. 1. c -J 28. Ptiloria pauciflora, (Torr.) Raf. Infrequent; on a ridge of disintegrated rock, Garfield Peak, July 27, 1894 (No. 655). CAMPANULAGE^. Campanula Parryi, Gray, Syn. Fl. Suppl. 395. Rare ; probably confined to the high, grassy valleys of the south- ern part of the state. Cummins, July ;n, 1 894 (No. 1495). Campanula rotundifolia, L. Sp. PI. 1(53 (1753). One of the very commonest plants in all our hills and mountains, at least where a reasonable amount of moisture is to be found. Cold Springs, July 14, 1894 (No. 448); Union Pass, August II, 1894 (No. 814); Cummins, August 1, 1895 (No. 1540). Blue Bell. Specularia perfoliata, A. DC. Mon. Camp. 351 (1830). Legouzia perfoliata, (L.) Britton. Not infrequent in the eastern part of the state. Whalen Canon, July 18. 1894 (No. 514); Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1657). ERICACE^. Vaccinum csespitosum, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 234 (1803). Very abundant in the Medicme Bow Mountains and producing the small, sweet berries in profusion. Centennial Hills, August 18, 1895 (No. 1728). Blueberry. Vaccinum Myrtillus, L. Schk. Handb. t. 107. In openings in the Spruce timber at high elevations; infrequent. July 1892, by B. C. Buffum ; Centennial Hills, June 9, 1895 (No. 1292). Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, (L.) Spreng. Syst. ii, 287 (1825). Throughout the state, both on open and on wooded hillsides. Laramie Hills, May 18, 1894 (No. 1214). Kinnikinick. Bryanthus empetriformis, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, vii, 377. A beautiful alpine species ; in small basin-hke heath among the Spruce trees. Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 1006). 148 Wyoming Experiment Station. Kalmia glauca, Ait. Hort. Kew. ii, 64 t. 8 (1811). Rare ; on the margin of a little lake at 9,000 ft., Teton Moun- tains, August 21, 1894 (No. 952). Pyrola chlorantha. Sw. Act. Holm. 1810, t, 5 (1810). In deep, shaded ravines ; Cummins, July 31, 1895 (No. 1505). Pyrola minor, L. Sp. PI. 396 (1753). On the shaded border of a lake immediately at the base of one of the perpetual snow banks of the Medicine Bow Mountains. La Plata Mines, August 23, 1895 (No. 1825). Pyrola rotundifolia, L. Sp. PI. 396 (1753). Infrequent; Teton Mountains, August 21. 1894 (No. 947). Pyrola rotundifolia uliginosa, Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 259 (1856). P. uliginosa, Torr. Much more frequent than the species ; abundant in cold, shaded, wet places in the mountains. Centennial Hills, August 19, 1895 (No. 1729). Pyrola secunda, L. Sp. PI. 396 (1753). Very abundant in deep woods, especially of high, rich valleys. Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892 ; Union Pass, Augnst 10, 1894 (No. 802); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1504). Moneses uniflora, Gray, 273 (1848). In the densely shaded woods about a mountain lake on the Tetons, August 21, 1894 (No. 945); also by B. C. Buffum in a gulch near Bald Mountain, 1892. CMmaphila umbellata, Nutt. Gen. i, 274 (1818). On mountain sides in the woods or in the shade of overhanging cUffs. Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 946); Laramie Peak, .August 6, 1895 (No. 1616). MONOTROPACE^. Pterospora Andromedea, Nutt. Gen. i, 269 (1818). In the pine woods, frequent but not abundant. Snake River, August 22, 1894 (No. 985); Centennial Valley, August 17, 1895 (No. 1681). Monotropa Hypopitys, L. Sp. PI. 387 (1753). Hypopiiys Hypopitys, (L.) Small. Infrequent; Centennial Hills, August 17, 1895 (No. 1708). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 149 PRIMULACE^. Primula farinosa, L. Sp. PI. 143 (1753). Very rare ; not found by the writer, but three fine specimens received from Mr. Houghton, who collected them on the Little Laramie River, June 8, 1894 (No. 187). Primula Parryi, Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. II, xxxiv, 257. A very rare plant ; collected by B. C. Buftum in the Wind River Mountains, July 21, 1892. Androsace filiformis, Retz. Obs. ii, 10. Very abundant in wet, caved in places on mountain streams. Pole Creek, June 27, 1895 (No. 1318); La Plata Mines, August 23, 1895 (No. 1848). Androsace occidentalis, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 137 (1814), Common on dry creek banks, especially in cattle wallows where other vegetation has been killed. Horse Creek, June 9, 1894 (No. 194); Centennial Valley, June 8, 1895 (No. 1244) Androsace septentrionalis, Lam. 111. t. 98, f. 2. On moist hillsides at both the higher and the lower altitudes. Union Pass, August 13, 1894 (No. 1030); Table Mountain, June 27, 1895 (No. 1382). Androsace septentrionalis subumbellata, n. var. A diminutive alpine form may receive this name. Plant only ^ to 1 inch high ; leaves mostly entire ; scapes few and one flowered, or, if umbelliferous only three to five ; calyx shorter than the corolla, its lobes noticeably shorter than its tube. On a grassy hillside near the summit of Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 998). Dodecatheon Meadia, L. Sp. PL 144 (1753). On the partly shaded banks of small brooklets in the Laramie Hills. Pole Creek, June 27, 1895 (No. 1329). Dodecatheon pauciflorum, Greene. The wet meadows in the Laramie River bottoms, in some places, are so densely covered with this plant that at a distance they sug- gest immense lakes of purplish-blue water. June 19, 1894 (No. 268); Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1312). 150 Wyojiiitig Experiment Station. Dodecatheon, sp. Some very small specimens secured by B. C. Buffum at Bald Mountain, with single flowered scapes, probably belong to the var. alpina. Gray, of D. Meadia. August 8, 1892. Steironema ciliatum, Baudo, Ann. Sci. Nat. (II) xx, .346 (1843). Rich soil in thickets on streams. Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1582); Bald Mountain, August, 1892. Glaux maritima, L. Sp. PI. 148 (1753). On the low, wet shores of alkali ponds and lakes; abundant. Laramie, June 16, 1894 (No. 248). OLEACEiE. Fraxinus viridis, Michx. f. Hist. Arb, 3: 115, t. 10 (1813). F. lan- ceolata, Borck. Rare in the parts of the state collected. Platte River, July 14, 1894 (No. 480). APOCYNACE^. Apocynum androsaemifolium, L. Sp. PI. 213 (1753). fVequent on grassy slopes in the foothills of the Platte. Whalen canon, July 19, 1894 (No. 535); Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1632). Apocynum cannabinum, L. Sp. PI, 213 (1753). Rare in the districts collected, but probably frequent in the north- east. On the banks of the Platte, July 11, 1894 (No. 396); also on the Big Muddy, July 23, 1894 (No. 596). ASCLEPIADACE^. Acerates viridiflora linearis, Gray, Syn. Fl. 2. Rare ; occasional specimens on the banks of the Platte River. Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 489). Asclepias cryptoceras, Watson, King's Rep. (1871). This is a rare plant, coming into our range only in the western part. Snake River, May 29, 1892, by Fred McCoullough. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. i 5 i Asclepias Hallii, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 69. Infrequent; on the banks of a clayey ravine at Wood's Landing, July 31, 1895 (No. 1556). Asclepias speciosa, Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii, 2LS (1827). Frequent in the eastern part of the state. Lusk, July 21, 1894 (No. 575); McGill's Ranch, on the Laramie River, August 3, 1895 (No. 1573). Asclepias verticillata pumila, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. .\ii, 71 (1876). Rare ; in a sandy canon leading to the Platte ; Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 466). GENTIANACE^. Gentiana affinis, Griseb. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 56 (1834). In wet meadows at 8,000 to 10,000 ft. Upper Wind River, August 8, 1894 (No. 754); Snake River, August 22, 1894 (No. 960); La Plata Mines, August 22, 1895 (No. 1853). Gentiana Amarella acuta, Hook. G. acuta, Michx. In meadow lands on the Laramie River and its tributaries; very abundant. Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1543); Centennial Valley, August 25, 1895 (No. 1852). Gentiana Amarella stricta, W^atson, King's Rep. (1871). Rare; specimens from Wolf Creek, August, 1892, by B. C. Buffum. Gentiana calycosa, Griseb. in Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 68 (1838). 7'his beautiful alpine species probably in all of our higher moun- tains. Tetons, August 21, 1894 (No. 1057); La Plata mines, August 22, 1895 (No. 1767). Gentiana frigida, Ha^nke. Jacq. Coll. ii. 13. As rare as it is odd ; on the shore of a small alpine lake. La Plata Mines, August 23, 1895 (No. 1804). Gentiana humilis, Stev. Act. Mosq. iii, 258). Frequent on the banks of small creeks m the hills and mountains. Horse Creek, June 9, 1894 (No. 220); Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1313). 152 Wyoming Experiment Station. Gentiana Oregana^ Engelm. Gray, Syn. Fl. ii, pt. i, 122 (1886). Infrequent; in a mountain valley, at 8,000 ft.; Cummins, July, 29, 189.5 (No. 1527). Gentiana Parryi, Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad, ii, 218, t. 10. Wet, subalpine valleys. Cummins, July 29, 1895 (No. 1526); Bald Mountain, August 17, 1892. Gentiana serrata holopetala, Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 481 (1876). Under this name I have two quite distinct forms, neither of which is typical, but lacking saUent characters enough to separate them. The one is small and simple stemmed, the other freely branched from the base. Both with unusually large showy flowers conspic- uously fringed. Remarkably abundant in high, wet valleys. Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 865); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 15.39); Centennial Valley, August 17, 1895 (No. 1725); La Plata, August 21, 1895 (No. 1766). Gentiana tenella, Rottb. Act. Haftn. x, 436, t. 2. Rare; Cummins, July 27, 1895 (No. 1518). Pleurogyne rotata, Griseb. Gent. 309 (1839). Very rare ; on the hummocks in a swampy meadow, Centennial Valley, August 18, 1895 (No. 1701). Swertia perennis, L. Sp. PI. i, 22(5 (1753). In subalpine meadow swamps ; frequent. Union Pass, August 13, 1894 (No. 988); Centennial Hills, August 20, 1895 (No. 1742), Frasera speciosa, Dougl. Hook, Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 66 (1838). Bv reason of its size, a conspicuous and characteristic object both on the timbered and denuded mountain slopes. Wind River Mountains, August 12. 1894 (No. 935); Laramie Peak, August 6, 1895 (No. 1609). POLEMONIACE^. Phlox bryoides, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. i, 153 (1848). This is very abundant on rather naked limestone ridges where they crop out on the Laramie Plains and in the foothills. May 25, 1894 (No. 67) ; June 7, 1895 (No. 1280). First Report on the Flora of Wyoini)ig. 153 Phlox caespitosa, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 41 (1834). One of the earliest flowers on the plains ; very abundant ; pink flowered forms are common. Laramie, May 12, 1894 (No. 8), and at various other times. Phlox Douglasii, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 78, t. 158 (1834). On the sides of dry, sandy ravines and ridges ; infrequent. Uva, July 10, 1894 (No. 397); also from Beaver Divide, July, 1891. Phlox longifolia, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 41 (1834). Leaves mostly less than an inch in length, otherwise the plant seems typical; very abundant in the Laramie Hills ; June 7, 1894 (No. 182), and at several other times. Phlox longifolia brevifolia, Gray. Specimens perfectly in accord with description in Sjn. Fl. were obtained at La Plata Mines, August 24, 1894 (No. 1827). Phlox nana, Nutt. PI. Gamb. 153. If this determination is right, which it is if the descriptions go for anything, this extends the range of this plant quite a little. Collected on Snake River, May 29, 1892, by Fred McCoullough. Gilia aggregata, Spreng. Syst. i, 626 (1825). Widely distributed, but never in any great abundance ; Beaver Creek, July 17, 1892; Bell Springs, July 4, 1891 ; Snake River, August 22, 1894 (No. 961). Gilia aggregata attenuata, Gray, Syn. Fl. II, i, 145 (1886). On an abrupt, stony, gravelly bank of the Laramie River. Cum- mins, July 29, 1895 (No. 1522). Gilia Breweri, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 266. Infrequent; possibly confined to the Pacific slope. Gros Ventre River, August IS, 1894 (No. 1094). Gilia gracilis, Hook. Bot. Mag. t, 2924 (1829). \'ery abundant on the rich sandy loam of the small valleys of the Laramie Hills and in similar locations throughout the state. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 107); Inyan Kara Divide, August 30, 1892. Gilia inconspicua, Sweet, Hort. Brit. 286 (1826). Thus far only from the Big Wind River, August 3, 1892, by B. C. Buffum; August 5, 1894 (No. 709). I 54 Wyoming Experiment Station. Gilia inconspicua sinuata, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 278. This extends the range of this plant northward somewhat ; in the sandy bed of a dry creek ; Muskrat July 30, 1894 (No. 683). Grilia linearis, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xvii, 223 (1882). Collomia tiiiearis, Nutt. This is by far the most frequent of our Gilias, common in the rich loam along streams everywhere. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 108); Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 401). Gilia minima, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 269 (1880). Navarretia minima, Nutt. Not found on the Atlantic slope. Silver Creek, August 26, 1894 (No. 1129). Gilia nudicaulis, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 266 (1870). The type locality is in the western part of this state, and the plant is probably common throughout the state, but so small and inconspicuous as usually to be passed over. Horse Creek, June 9, 1894 (No. 193). Gilia Nuttallii, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 267 (1870) An undoubted specimen of this species without data, by B. C. Buffum, in 1892. Probably near Bald iMountain, August, 1892. Gilia spicata, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. (II) i, 156 (1848). Frequent about the sand dunes in the foothills. Pass Creek, June 20, 1892; Laramie Hills, June 7, 1894 (No. 175). My number 259 approaches G. spicata capitata, Gray, pretty closely, but I do not think it typical. Polemonium confertum. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1863, 63 (1863), A beautilul alpine plant on grassy or rocky slopes. Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 991); La Plata Mines, August 22, 1895 (No. 1823). Polemonium confertum mellitum, (^nay, I. c. In crevices and on ledges on the higher rocky summits of the Laramie Mountains. Richardson's Peak, June 9, 1894 (No. 208); Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1625). Polemonium humile pulchellum, Gray, Syn. Fl. II. i, 150 (1886). What seems to belong here was secured by B. C. Buffum in 1892 ; no other data. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. i 5 5 Polemonium occidentale, Greene. Pittonia ii, 75 (1890). Name communicated by Prof. Greene. Rare; in spring bog on Muddy Creek, August 25, 1894 (No. 1104). HYDROPHYLLACE^. Hydrophyllum occidentale, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, x, 314. This, I am sorry to say, I have distributed as H. Virginicum, — a piece of carelessness, for the specimens plainly enough belong here. Very abundant in the copses on our streams. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 89); Table Mountain, June 29, 1895 (No. 1408). EUisia Nyctelea, L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1662 (1763). Macrocalyx Nye- telea, Kuntze. On dry loam soil on creek banks ; observed only on the east slopes of the Laramie range. Table Mountain, June 27, 1895 (No. 1350), Phacelia circinata, Jacq. Eclog. 135 t. 91. Of the synonomy and citations appHcable to my specimens, I am in doubt, but all answer to the above in Syn. Fl. II. i, 159. Inyan Kara Divide, August 30, 1892 ; Union Peak, August 14, 1894 (No. 1082); Pole Creek, June 26, 1895 (No. 1323). Phacelia Franklinii, Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 329 (1856). This gives one more locality for the range of this plant. Bacon Creek, August 15, 1894 (No. 914). Phacelia glandulosa, Nutt. Fl. Gambl. 160. Infrequent and scattering ; Pole Creek, June 30, 1895 (No. 1361); also noted at Cummins. Phacelia Menziesii, Torr. Watson, King Rep. 252. These handsome specimens were sent to us from Snake River, May 29, 1892, Fred McCoullough. Phacelia sericea, Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2, (1862) xxxiv, 254. \'ery common in moist, partly shaded ground in the hills and along streams. Pole Creek, June, 2, 1894 (No. 102); a white flowered form from the Centennial Valley, June 9. 1895 (No. 1283). 156 Wyoming Experiment Station. Phacelia sp. A small annual having affinities with both P. circinata, and P. Franklinii, must for the present be.-passed over. Sybille, July 8, 1894 (No. 318). BORAGINACE^. Coldenia Nuttallii, Hook. Kew. Journ. Bot. iii, 296 (1851). In a sandy canon or valley leading to the Big Wind River, August 6, 1894 (No. 719); observed in no other locality. Echinospermum floribundum, Lehm in. Hook. Fl. 2: 84, t. 164 (1S34). Lapiila florihunda, Greene. Growing almost at the water's edge on some of the streams in the eastern part of the state. Sybille Creek, July 7, 1894 (No. 348); Pole Creek, June 29, 1895 (No. 1367). Echinospermum Lapula, Lehm. Asperif. 121 (1818). Lapula Lapida^ (L.) Karst. This weed seems to have found its way into waste places about town. Laramie, June 17, 1891 ; also at Uva, July 10, 1894 (No. 424). Echinospermum Redowskii occidentale, Watson, King's Exp, 246 (1871). Lapula Texana, (Scheele) Britton. Common everywhere; Laramie, June 28, 1894 (No. 294); Blue Grass Hills, July 8, 1894 (No. 305). Echinospermum Redowskii cupulatum, Gray, in Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. i, 530 (1876). This, 1 note, has been reduced to the same as the preceding, but to say the least there is a marked difference between the nutlets. By B. C. Buffum, in the northeastern part of the state, August 19, 1892. Allocarya Nelsonii, Greene, Erythea iii, 48 (1895). The original description is as follows : "Annual, diffuse, the stoutish and somewhat succulent branches strigose-pubescent, six inches long, rather densely racemose throughout and with a short bract subtending each pedicel ; nutlets ^4 line long, ovate-lanceo- late, carinate ventrally almost down to the nearly basal rounded or obscurely trigonous scar, the back with rather few and sharp First Report on the Flora of iVyouiing. 157 transverse ridges beset with tufts of uncinate-tipped bristles, the intervals with low, muriculate-roiighened tuberc illations." Only one small patch of these plants observed ; they had taken possession of a few depressions, possibly old buffalo wallows, on bottom land near Silver Creek, August 26, 1894 (No. 119S). Allocarya scopulorum, Greene, Pitt, i, 16 (1887). Rather infrequent; Upper Wind River, August 10, 1894 (No. 768); Centennial Valley, August 25, 1895 (No. 1850). Krynitzkia Californica subglochidiata, Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 526. Common on dry loam soil near streams. Cooper Creek, June 19, 1892; Table Mountain June 28, 1895 (No. 1311). Krynitzkia crassisepala, Gray, Proc. Am, Acad, xx, 268 (1885). Crypta>ithe crassisepala, (T. & G.) Greene. Frequent on sandy plains. Laramie, August 8, 1891 ; Blue Grass Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. (304). Krynitzkia Fendleri, Gray, 1. c. Cryptanthe Fendleri, (Gray) Greene. Infrequent ; Cummins, July 25, 1895 (No. 1523). Krynitzkia fulvocanescens, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 280 (1885). Oreocarya Julvocanescens, (Gray) Greene. Fine specimens of this were secured by Prof. Buffum, at Cooper Creek, June 18, 1892. Krynitzkia glomerata, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 279 (1885). Oreo- carya glomerata, (Gray) Greene. This is perhaps our commonest Krynitzkia ; frequent on dry hill- sides, railroad embankments and on the plains. Laramie, July 8, 1894 (No. 418); Table mountain, June 30, 1895 (No. 1362); a very large, coarse form from Uva, July 10, 1894 (No. 388). Krynitzkia glomeriflora, Greene. Frequent in dry, rich loam soil along streams. Pole Creek, near Table Mountain. June 2, 1894 (No. 152); Cen- tennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1335). Krynitzkia Jamesii, Gray, Proc Am. Acad, xx, 277. Oreocarya suffriiticosa, Greene. Infrequent ; in canons near the Platte River, July 14, 1894 (No. 477). 158 Wyoming Experiment Station. Krynitzkia Pattersoni, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 278. Rare ; in the Laramie Hills, July 7, 1894 (No. 412). Krynitzkia sericea, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 277. Oreocarya seri- cea, Greene. Frequent on rocky slopes in the Laramie Hills; June 16, 1894 (No. 255); Uva, July 10, 1894 (No. 389). Krynitzkia virgata, Proc. Am. Acad, xx, 279. Frequent on sandy ridges in the foothills. Telephone canon, June 15, 1894 (No. 231); Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1267). Krynitzkia Watsoni (?) Gray, Proc Am. Acad, xx, 270. These are somewhat doubtfully placed here ; collected on wet, shaded rocky ledges in the Centennial Hills, August 17, 1895 (No. 1684). Mertensia alpina, Don. Syst. iv, 320. Strictly alpine from a climatic point of view, but hardly so from that of altitude; very early in the Laramie Hills while freeziug nights are still the rule ; often in blossom by April 20. (Nos. 33 and 1222). Mertensia lanceolata, DC. Prodr. x, 88 (1846). Very variable as to size and general appearance, but floral char- acters and the light-green glaucus color constant. It is abundant and frequent in our foothills in two forms : a small form from large, coarse rootstocks, very early, radical leaves few, stem leaves nearly uniform, panicle close and leafy ; a much larger form later in the season, usually in copses, stem leaves gradually reduced in size, panicle long and open. 1, Laramie Hills, May 16, 1894 (No. 34); 2, Pole Creek, June 28, 1895 (No. 1234). Mertensia lanceolata viridis, n. var. Root stocks slender, creeping in the crevices among the rocks ; radical leaves numerous, long and slender petioled, from oblong to elliptical ; cauline leaves oblong, gradually reduced in size ; stems few and slender, 5-8 inches high, bearing an open panicle; floral characters those of the species, except that the corolla tube is wider and shorter. Mertensia lanceolata, DC. This plant is alpine in habitat and may be known by the bright green color of its leaves, which are scarcely scabro-puberulent under a lens. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 159 On rocky ledges near the summit of Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1608). Mertensia sibirica, Don. Syst. iv, .320. Quite a large series ot specimens from many localities and differ- ent altitudes, and of very different general appearance, have all been reduced to this. Environment produces greater differences than is usually conceded. Wet places, along streams and in the mountains; Sybille, July 8, 1894 (No. 408); Garfield Peak, July 29. 1894 (No. 689); Union Pass, August 13, 1894 (No. 1031) and other localities. Myosotis sylvatica alpestris, Koch. This beautiful little plant is found in abundance in the alpine re- gions of our northern mountains. Little Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892 B. C. Buffum; Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 838). Onosmondium molle, Mich.x. Fl. Bor. Am. I : 133, t. 15 (1803). Rare and probably confined to the eastern part of the state. Orin Junction, August 1892; Platte River, July 14, 1894 (No. 506). Lithospermum angustifolium, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 130 (1803). Very common on the plains and in the mountain valleys. Uni- versity Campus, June 4, 1894 (No. 174); in its fruiting form July 23, 1895 (No. 1428). Lithospermum pilosum, Nutt. Journ Acad. Phil, vii, 43 (1834). Much less frequent than the preceding ; Middle Pass, June 20, 1892; Gros Ventre River, August 18, 1894 (No. 1090). CONVOLVULACE^. Ipomea leptophylla, Torr. in Frem. Rep. 95 (1845). Abundant m the eastern part of the state on the Platte and in the adjacent foothills Fort Laramie, September 3, 1892 ; Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 491). Convolvulus sepium, L. Sp. PI. 153 (1753). Collected by B. C. Buffum, August 1, 1891, probably at Chey- enne. Rare in the state. Evolvulus argenteus, Pursh Fl, Am. Sept. 187 (1814). E. Niittal- lianus, R. & S. Infrequent; dry plains near Uva, July 10, 1894 (No. 398); also at Sheridan, September, 1895. — 12 i6o Wyoming Experiment Station. Cuscuta decora, Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad, i, 501 (1859). C. indecora, Choisy. Parasitic on Alfalfa, Sheridan Experiment Farm, August 19, 1S92. Cuscuta epilinum, Weihe. Archiv. Apoth. viii. 54 (1824). On Alfalfa, Laramie Experiment Farm, July, 1894 (No. 1210). SOLANACE^. Solanum. rostratum, Dunal. Sol. 234, t. 24 (1813). Probably abundant on the eastern border. Fort Laramie, September 5, 1892 ; Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 527). Not yet reported as a bad weed in any locality. Solanum triflorum, Nutt. Gen. i, 128 (18LS). Particularly annoying as a weed in garden and " truck " patches; small plants, such as Carrots and Parsnips, must be " weeded " by hand or this weed will completely smother them. Experiment Farm, September 15, 1894. Physalis lanceolata, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 149 (1803). This genus seems to be confined to the lower altitudes of the north and east ; rather plentiful on the Platte and adjoining foot- hills. A large form of this species from Blue Grass Hills, August 8, 1894 (No. 365); also a small and more pubescent form from the same place (No. 295). Physalis lanceolata laevigata, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, x, H2. Infrequent ; in a canon near the Platte at Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 478). SCROPHULARIACE^. Scrophularia Marylandica, L. Sp. PI. ()]9 (1753). Our specimens are far from typical ; the thyrsus very narrow, the separate cymes simple ; leaves large and truncate at base. Sybille, July 8, 1894 (No. 317); Pole Creek, June 30. 1895 (No. 1410). Specimens from Garfield Peak, July 29. 1894 (No. 690) have large deltoid-cordate leaves even to the summit of the stem ; infloresence only a simple cyme. First Report on the Flora of Wyoining: i6i Pentstemon acuminatus, Dougl. Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 12S5 (1829). Abundant in the Laramie range in the foothills, on stony slopes. Laramie Hills, June 7, 1894 (No. 180); Table Mountain, June 28, 1895 (No. 1325). Pentstemon caeruleus, Nutt. Gen. ii, 52 (1818). Frequent on the Laramie Plains, especially on sandy ridges bor- dering on the Laramie River; June 7, 1894 (No. 179); June 18, 1895 (No. 1308). Pentstemon csespitosus, Nutt. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, vi, 66. A few good specimens of this rather rare plant from Wheatland, June 11, 1892, by B. C. Buftum. Pentstemon confertus cseruleo-purpureus, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, vi. 72. Frequent on subalpine grassy slopes, and much reduced speci- mens from alpine locations. Saratoga July 17, 1892; Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 833); Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 1017). Pentstemon cristatus, Nutt. Gen. ii, 52 (1818). Common in sandy ravines in the foothills of the Laramie range and probably elsewhere. Telephone Canon, June 15, 1894 (No. 235); Pole Creek, June 28, 1895 (No. 1346). Pentstemon glaber, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 738 (1814). Infrequent and usually only scattering plants. Sybille, July 8, 1894 (No. 327); Cottonwood Canon, August 4, 1895 (No. 1566). Pentstemon glaber Utahensis, Watson, Bot. King Surv. 217 (1871), Slightly variant, but 1 believe true specimens of this were ob- tained in three localities: Gros Ventre River, August 18, 1894 (No. 1093); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1541); Cottonwood Canon, August 4, 1895 (No. 1579). Pentstemon glaucus, Graham, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1829, 348. Herbarium specimens fail to do justice to this singularly beautiful plant, as shape and color are both largely lost. It occurs in the alpine region of all our ranges. Tetons, August 21, 1894 (No. 1001); Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1619); La Plata Mines, August 22, 1895 (No. 1792). 1 62 Wyoming' Experiment Station. Pentstemon humilis, Nutt. Exceedingly abundant in the Laramie range at the foot of rocky ledges and in stony ravines. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 131); Table Mountain, June 27, 1895 (No. 1.322). Pentstemon laricifolius, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechy. .376. Abundant on stony ridges on the Laramie Plains and their foot- hills. July 7, 1.894 (No. 419); July 27, ISgfj (No. 1442). Pentstemon secundiflorus, Benth. DC. Prodr. x, 324. Infrequent; specimens by Mr. Hartley from near Sherman, July 9, 1891. Pentstemon strictus, Benth. DC. Prodr. x, 324. In stony ravines in the hills; Sybille, July 8, 1894 (No. 402); Cummins, July 28, 1895 (No. 1472). Collinsia parviflora, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1082 (1827). Very abundant in sandy loam soil on creek banks. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 46); Centennial Valley, July 17, 1895 (No. 1685). Mimulus alsinoides, Benth. DC. Prodr. x, 351. Centennial Hills, August 17, 1895 (No. 1683). Mimulus floribundus, Lindl. Bot. Reg. xiv, t. 1125 (1828). Infrequent: good, but diminutive; from a wet ravine near Cummins, July 28, 1805 (No. 1515). Mimulus glabratus Jamesii, Gray, Syn. Fl. Suppl. 447. Infrequent ; Whalen Canon. July 19, 1894 (No. 543). Mimulus Langsdorfiii Tilingi, Greene, Journ. Bot. for Jan., 1895. Our commonest Mimulus ; springy places in the hills and mountains. Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (No. 688); Centennial Valley, Au- gust ]6, 1895 (No. 1670). Mimulus Lewisii, Pursh, Fl. ii, 427 (1814). On stony, wet ground near creeks; infrequent, Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 942); Centennial Valley, August 16, 1895 (No. 1672). Mimulus rubellus, Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 116. Rare, or at least rarely observed ; our plants small and incon- spicuous. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 163 On a naked, gravelly hillside, Centennial, June 9, 1895 (No. 1287). Synthyris plantaginea, Benth. DC. Prodr. x, 455 (1846). Some specimens from ihe Teton Mountains are doubtfully placed here. August 21, 1894 (No. 986). Synthyris rubra, Benth. 1. c Wulfe7iia rubra, (Hook.) Greene. Of very frequent occurrence m sage brush valleys ; variable as to foliage. Telephone Canon, May 12, 1894 (No. 29); Laramie Hills, June 5, 1895. (No. 1242). Veronica alpina, L. Sp. PL II (1753). Frequent in subalpine stations ; wet, grassy slopes. Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892; Union Pass, Aupust 11, 1894 (No. 831); Centennial Hills, August 19, 1895 (No. 1740). Veronica Americana, Schwein. Benth. in DC. Prodr. X, 468 (1846). In all streams and springs. Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 403); noted in many other localities. Veronica peregrina, L. Sp. PI. 14 (1753). In boggy places; Lander, August 3, 1894 (No. 698); Centennial Valley, August 25, 1S95 (No. 185t). Veronica serpyllifolia, L. Sp. PI. 12 (175.3). On the grassy banks of our little mountain brooks ; frequent. Horse Creek, June 9, 1894 (No. 192). Castilleia flava, Watson, Bot. King Surv. 230 (1871). Of rather frequent occurrence at 7,000-8,000 ft. in the hills. Laramie Hills, July 7, 1894 (No. 352); Table Mountain, June 27, 1895 (No. 1338). Castilleia linarisefolia, Benth. DC. Prodr. x, 520. Hardly subalpine ; frequent on sandy, grassy slopes. Laramie Hills, July 7, 1894 (No. 352); Laramie Peak, August 6, 1895 (No. 1570). Castilleia miniata, Dougl. Hook. Fl. ii, 106. 1 have placed here a number of specimens, some of which rather doubtfully. Most of them were secured on wet stream banks and I think the following numbers, at least, are right. Lander, August 4, 1894 (No. 742); Union Pass, August 11,1894 (No. 835). I'Vyoiniiig Experiment Station. Castilleia minor, Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 573 (1876). Rare; observed but once. Fort Washakie, August 5, 1894 . (No. 744). Castilleia pallida, Kunth. Syn. PI. /Equin. ii, 100. On the shaded banks of mountain streams, at 8,000 ft. and upward. Cummins, July 28. 1895 (No. 1461); observed at a number of other localities'. Castilleia pallida occidentalis, Gray, Bot. Cal. i, 573 (1876). Some specimens from Union Peak I am unable to place else- where ; August 13, 1894 (No. 1011). Castilleia pallida septentrionalis. Gray, 1. c. Undoubted specimens of this were observed in a number of alpine and subalpine stations. This prefers the wet banks of wooded streams or the shores of alpine lakes. Centennial Hills, August 18, 1895 (No. 1726); La Plata Mines, August 23. 1895 (No. 1808). Castilleia parviflora. Bong. Veg. Sitch. 158 (1831). Most frequent and earliest; in sandy loam soil among the sage brush. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 120); Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1291). Orthocarpus luteus, Nutt. Gen. ii, 56 (1818). Frequent in wet, sandy soil, especially along streams. Whalen Canon, July 16, 1894 (No. 534); Lander, August 3, 1894 (No. 741); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1537). Orthocarpus pallescens. Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiv, 339. From type locality, probably not far from the place where Parry collected it. Gros Ventre River, August 15, 1894 (No. 900). Orthocarpus pilosus, Watson, Bot. King Surv. 231 (1871). This rare plant, determined for me by Dr. Rose, was collected by B. C. Buffum, on Three Mile Creek, June 20, 1892. Cordylanthus ramosus, Nutt. Gen. ii, 57 (?). Very abundant on the alkali-clay hills adjacent to the Wind River; at Dubois, Augu.st 10, 1894 (No. 711). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 165 Pedicularis bracteosa, Benth. Hook. Fl. ii, 110 (1838). Probably confined to our northwest areas. Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 834). Pedicularis crenulata, Benth. DC . Prodr. x, 568. Abundant ; growing in clumps in high meadow lands. Laramie, June 19, 1892; Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1528). Pedicularis Groenlandica, Retz. Fl. Scand. Ed. 2, 145 (1795). Frequent and abundant on subalpine mountain streams. Warm Spring Creek, August 10, 1894 (No, 806); Centennial Hills, August 19, 1895 (No. 1739). Pedicularis Parryi, Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiii, 250. Probably rare; a few specimens only, from Union Peak, August 13, 1S94 (No. 1033). Pedicularis procera, Gray, Am. Journ. Sci. ser. 2, xxxiv, 251. Rare ; in a wooded canon leading to the Laramie River, at Cum- mins, July 30, 1895 (No, 1550). Pedicularis racemosa, Dougl. Hook. Fl. ii, 108 (1838). This comes as near as any to marking a zonal belt ; encountered at about 9,000 ft. in all our mountain ranges visited, and found up to timber line. Bald Mountain, August 17, 1892; L^nion Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 830); noted at Laramie Peak and in the Medicine Bow Moun- • tains. OROBANCHACE^. Aphyllon fasciculatum, Gray, Syn. Fl. 2 ; Part 1, 312 (1878). Thal- esia fasciciilata, Britton. Frequent and occasionally abundant. Pine Creek, July 18, 1892 ; Pole Creek, July 1, 1895 (No. 1360), hosts, — Artemisia frigida and A. Canadensis. Aphyllon uniflorum, T. & G. Gray, Man. 290 (1848). Rare; Gros \'entre River, August 22, 1894 (No. 1071), host not noted. VERBENACE^. Lippia cuneifolia, Steud. Torr., in Marcy's Rep. 293, t, 17 (1853). Laramie River bottom lands near LIva ; not observed elsewhere. July 10, 1894 (No. 387). 1 66 Wyoming Experiment Station. Verbena bracteosa, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 13 (1803). This is a weedy plant, thriving equally well in cultivated and un- cultivated grounds. Blue Grass Hills, July 8, 1894 (No. 320); Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1652). Verbena stricta, Vent. Hort. Cels, t. 53 (1800). Probably frequent in the lower altitudes of the northeast ; not observed except in the Platte Valley, near Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 505). A form with several large spikes was obtained in Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 538). LABIATE. Mentha Canadensis, L. Sp. PI. 576 (1753). Frequent on all water courses and about springs. Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 546); specimens from a large number of other localities. Lyeopus lucidus, Turcz. Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii, 178 (1848). Infrequent; Popo Agie River, August 2, 1894 (No. 735). Lyeopus sinuatus, Ell. Bot. S, C. and Ga. i, 126 (1816). Wet grounds about springs and ponds ; frequent. Laramie, July, 1891 ; Whalen Canon, July 19, 1894 (No. 542). Hedeoma Drummondii, Benth. Lab. Gen. and Sp. 368 (1834). Occasional in dry loam soil. Whalen Canon, July 19, 1894 (No. 548). Hedeoma Reverchoni, Gray, Syn. Fl. 363. Rare ; its collection in this state extends the range of this plant northward very much ; good specimens from Pole Creek, June 30, 1895 (No. 1374). Salvia lanceolata, Willd. Enum. 37 (1809). Only occasionally on rather dry hillsides and plains. Blue Grass Hills, July 9, 1894 (No. 374); Centennial Valley. August 20, 1895 (No. 1395). Monarda fistulosa, L. S. PI. 22 (1753). Probably confined to the eastern portion of the state ; thus far noted only in the region east of Laramie Peak. Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 508); Cottonwood Canon, August 4, 1895 (No. 1577). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming: 167 Lophanthus urticifolius, Benth, Bot. Reg. xv, sub. t. 1282 (1829). Vleckia urticifolia, (Benth.) Holzinger. Very rare ; possibly only in the northwest. Snake River, August 22, 1894 (No. 984) Dracocephalum parviflorum, Nutt. Gen. ii, 35 (1818). Principally in abandoned fields. Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 326); Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1H48). Scutellaria galericulata, L. Sp. PI. ii, 599 (1753). Not infrequent in wet places. Fairbanks, July 13, 1894 (No. 470); Centennial Valley, August 20, 1895 (No. 1760). Scutellaria resinosa, Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii, 232 (1827). On abrupt banks along streams, but in comparatively dry ground. Pole Creek, June 2, 1894 (No. 94); June 29. 1895 (No. 1365). Brunella vulgaris, L. Sp. PI. 600 (1753). Very infrequent in the parts of the state collected Specimens from Wolf Creek, August 18, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Physostegia parviflora, Nutt. Benth. m DC. Prodr. 12, 434 (1848). On the borders of lakes and ponds, growing even in the edge of the water. Bull Lake, August 8, 1894 (No. 732); Laramie River, near lone Ranch, August 10, 1895 (No. 1666). Stachys palustris, L. Sp. PI. 580 (1753). Frequent on sandy creek banks which are covered with under- shrubs and weedy plants. Wind River, August 8, 1894 (No. 857); Cummins, July 28, 1895 (No. 1484); noted in many other places. PLANTAGINACE^. PlantagO eriopoda, Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii, 237 (1827). Common on wet alkali flats about Laramie and in similiar loca- tions elsewhere; June 1, 1894 (No. 42). Ptaniain. PlantagO lanceolata, L. Sp. PL 113 (1753). A recently introduced weed on the Lander E.xperiment Farm ; September, 1895, by J. S. Meyer. 1 68 Wyo7ni72g- Experiment Station. Plantago major, L. Sp. PL 112 (1753). Received from Sheridan as one of the weeds upon the Experi- ment Farm, September, 1895, by J. F. Lewis. Some specimens from Wolf Creek, apparently native there, col- lected August 8, 1892, by B. C. Buffum, are doubtfully placed here. Spike very slender and leaves almost acute. Plantago Patagonica gnaphalioides, Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 269 (1856). Plantago Pursliii, R. & S. Frequent on dry, gravelly hillsides in the Laramie range. Ob- served only in the eastern part of the state. Laramie, August, 1891 ; Wheatland, July, 1891 ; Table Moun- tain. June 28, 1895 (No. 1356). Plantago Tweedyi, Gray, Syn. Fl. 11, Part i, 390 (1886). Three specimens only of this very rare plant were secured on a grassy hillside near the La Plata Mines, August 21, 1895 (No. 1798). I am not aware that any other specimens have been collected since it was originally collected on the Yellowstone River by Mr. Frank Tweedy. Oxybaphus angustifolius, Sweet. Hort. Brit. 429 (1830). Alhonia linearis, Pursh. Never abundant, only scattering specimens, often in cultivated ground. Wheatland, July 9, 1894 (No. 379); Cottonwood Canon," August 4, 1895 (No. 1560); also from Sheridan, September, 1895. Oxybaphus hirsutus, Choicy in DC. Prodr. xiii, part 2, 433 (1849). Allionia Jiirsitta, Pursh. Rare ; noted but once ; Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 515). Oxybaphus nyctagineus. Sweet. Hort. Brit. 429 (1830). Allio?tia nyc- taginea, Michx. Very rare, unless it be in the northeastern part of the state. Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 469). Abronia fragrans, Nutt. Hook. Kew. Journ. Bot. v, 261 (1853). Frequent on the sandy plains of the eastern part of the state. Inyan Kara Divide, August 29, 1892 ; Platte River, July 14, 1894 (No. 464); Cummins, July 28, 1895 (No. 1473). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 169 Abronia micrantha, Torr. \'ery rare ; on the plains and hillsides ; by children called the Sand Flower. Near Willow Creek, July 22, 1894 (No. 630). ILLECEBRACE^. Paronychia Jamesii, T. & G. Fl. N. A. i, 170 (1838). Frequent on dry, open slopes in the Laramie range. Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 451); also near Laramie Peak. Paronychia pulvinata, Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila. 18b3, 58. Infrecjuent and strictly alpine ; on the naked summits of the Medicine Bow Mountains. August 23, 1895 (No. 1824). Paronychia sessiliflora, Nutt. Gen. i, 160 (1818). Common on the slopes about Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1638); observed in some other localities. Paronychia sp. Numbers 349, 461, 1331 and 1656 have for the present been laid aside. They represent at least two species not given above, but for want of sufficient literature they are now passed over. AMARANTACE^. Amarantus albus, L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1404 (1763). A troublesome weed in most of our fields and gardens. Popo Agie River, August 3, 1894 (No. 740); Sheridan Experi- ment Farm, September 1895. Amarantus hlitoides, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xii. 273 (877). This too would find a place even in a very short list of the worst weeds. Laramie, September 24, 1894 (No. 1176); Sheridan, September, 1895. Amarantus chlorostachys, Willd. A. hybridus, L. Some specimens, apparently this, were collected by B. C. Buffum, at Inyan Kara Divide, August 30, 1892. Amarantus retroflexus, L. Sp. PI. 991 (1753). Where weeds run riot this will always be found. Laramie, October, 1893; Lander, August 3, 1894 (No. 715). Amarantus Torreyi, Benth. Wats. Bot. Cal. ii, 42 (1880). Infrequent ; near Rawlins, June 29, 1892. 170 Wj'oinijtg Experiment Station. CHENOPODIACE^. Cycloloma platyphyllum, Moq. Enum. Chenop. 18 (1840). C. atrip- licifolimn, Coulter. Frequent in the sandy canons leading to the Platte, near Fair- banks, July 14, 1894 (No 471). Monolepsis chenopodioides, Moq. DC. Prodr. xiii, part 2, 85 (1849). Monolepsis Nuttalliana, Greene. Frequent in saline ground. Laramie, August, 1893; Boulder Creek, August 26, 1894 (No. (1103). Chenopodium album, L. Sp. PI. 219 (1753). In waste and cultivated ground. Laramie, October, 1893; Sheridan Experiment Farm, Septem- ber, 1895. Pigweed. Clienopodium capitatum, Watson, Bot. Cal. ii, 48 (1880). Infrequent; leaves only, from Cummins, July 27, 1895 (No. 1448). Chenopodium Fremontii, Watson, Bot. King's Exp. 287 (1871). Abundant on dry hillsides and on rocky shelving ledges. Fairbanks, July 13, 1894 (No. 440). Chenopodium glaucum, L. Sp. PI. 220 (1753). Apparently indigenous in places, but scattering everywhere as a weed. Poison Spider Creek (native?), July 27, 1894 (No. 625); among the weeds at Laramie and Sheridan. Chenopodium leptophyllum, Nutt. Moq. DC. Prodr. xiii, part 2, 71 (1849). Not infrequent near the Platte and its tributaries ; Laramie, Au- gust 15, 1893; Platte River, July 14, 1894 (No. 483). Chenopodium leptophyllum subglabrum, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, ix, 95. Rare ; Willow Creek, July 22, 1894 (No. 628). Chenopodium olidum, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, ix, 96. In saline ground on Poison Spider Creek, July 27, 1894 (No. 622); also sent from the Sheridan Experiment Farm as a weed, 1895. Chenopodium rubrum humile, Watson, Bot. Cal. ii. 48. Some specimens from Laramie, by B. C. Buffum, June 23, 1894, seem to belong here. Not observed elsewhere. First Report on the Flora of Wyo^ning. 171 Atriplex argentea, Nutt. Gen. i, 198 (18 1 8). Throughout the state ; reported as a weed from some localities. Big Muddy Creek, July 24, 1894 (No. 640); Meadow Creek, Au- gust 9, 1894 (No. 791); Sheridan, September, 1895. Atriplex canescens, James, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, i.x, 110 (1874). Not frequent ; observed only on the east side of the Laramie range. Wheatland, August 11, 1891 ; Platte Hills, Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 463). Atriplex confertifolia, Watson, 1. c. A common shrub on the alkali deserts of the central and south- western parts of the state. Frequently called White Sage and is said to be freely eaten by antelope and sheep during the winter months. Rock Springs, September 9, 1893; Bessemer, July 26, 1894 (No. 613). Atriplex expansa, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, ix, 116 (1874). Very abundant in the vicinity of alkah lakes. Howell Lakes, October 1, 1894 (No. 1164). Atriplex Nuttallii, Watson, 1. c. Luxuriant in strongly saline ground. Alkah Desest, July 2, 1891 ; Howell Lakes, October 1, 1894 (No. 1167j; alkali flats near Sweetwater River, September 10, 1894 (No. 1192). Atriplex patula hastata, Gray. Man. Ed. 5, 409 (1867). A. hastata. L. Abundant near Laramie and probably in many other localities. September 1, 1895 (No. 1866), The form with ovate entire leaves was secured at the same time. Atriplex truncata, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, viii, 398. I think there is little doubt of the correctness of this reference. Rather immature specimens from Poison Spider Creek, July 26, 1894 (No. 621); older at Howell Lakes, October 1, 1894 (No. 1166). Eurotia lanata, Moq. Enum. Chenop. 81 (1840). V^ery frequent and abundant in many localities. Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 488); Laramie, September 12, 1894 (No. 1134). 172 Wyoming Experiinent Station. Salicornia herbacea, L. Sp. PI. 3 (1762). Abundant on the shores of alkaH lakes, even on the encrusted banks where nothing else will grow. Howell Lakes, October 1, 1894 (No. 1162); Laramie, September 3. 1895 (No. 1869). Sueda depressa, Watson, Bot. King's Exp. 294 (1871). Not noted except at Howell Lakes, October 1, 1894 (No. 1163). Sueda depressa erecta, Watson, Proc. Am Acad, ix, 90 (1874). Not frequent ; on an alkali bog on Poison Spider Creek, July 27, 1894 (No. 623). Sueda diffusa, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, ix, 88 (1874). TJiis is common on wet, saline ground. Popo Agie River, August 4, 1894, (No. 717); Sheridan, Sep- tember, 1895, J. F. Lewis, Sueda Torreyana, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, ix, 88 (1874). Only collected at Howell Lakes, but probably elsewhere as well. October 1, 1894 (No. 1168). Salsola Kali Tragus, Moq. in DC. Prodr. xiii, part 2, 187 (1849). This, the much talked of Russian Thistle, is already quite widely distributed in the northeastern part of the state. Other plauts are frequently mistaken for it and so it has often been reported from localities in which it does not exist. There is no evidence to show that it is found on the line of the Union Pacific railroad except at Cheyenne. On the lines of the Burhngton & Misssouri and the Elk- horn roads, however, I am reliably informed that it is widely dis- tributed. Specimens from Cheyenne, October, 1894 ; from Lusk and Fred- ericks in 1895. Sarcobatus vermiculatus, Torr. , Emory's Rep. 150 (1848). The most characteristic shrub of the saline plains and foothills. Sweetwater River, September 9, 1894 (No. 1182); Howell Lakes, October 1, 1894 (No. 1161). Grease Wood. POLYGON ACEuSl. Eriogonum alatum. Torr. Sitgreaves Rep. t. 8 (1853). Noted only on the foothills of the Laramie range and the adjoin- ing plains ; abundant. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 173 Cheyenne, August 11, 1891; Laramie Hills, July 9, 1894 (No. 41 (i). Eriogonum annuum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 5: 164 (1833-37). Infrequent in parts of state collected. Inyan Kara Divide, September 1, 1892 ; Willow Creek, July 20, 1894 (No. 566). Eriogonum brevicaule, Nutt. Immensely abundant throughout the state on clayey, gravelly ridges and plains. Laramie Hills, July 8, 1894 (No. 303); Wind River, August 8, 1894 (No. 722); from several other locahties. Eriogonum csespitosum, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil, vii, 50 (1834). Very rare; Union Pass, August 14, 1894 (No. 890). Eriogonum cernuum, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. (II) 1 : 162 (1848). Widely distributed and abundant. Laramie Hills, July 7, 1894 (No. 363); Wind River, August 8, 1894 (No. 726). Eriogonum chrysocephalum, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad, .xi, 101. Rare ; possibly confined to the Pacific Slope. Bacon Creek, August 15, 1894 (No. 903). Eriogonum flavum, Nutt., Fras. Cat. (1813). Common on hillsides in the Laramie and Medicine Bow ranges. Laramie Hills, July 8, 1894 (No. 415); Cummins, July 27, 1895 (No. 1443); a very large form with compound umbels from Laramie Peak, August 5, 1895 (No. 1572). Eriogonum flavum crassifolium, Benth. Frequent in the Laramie foothills. Name communicated by Dr. Robinson ; citation not at hand. Laramie Hills June 6, 1894 (No. 186). Eriogonum heracleoides, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 49 (1834). Infrequent ; our specimens are not typical but they undoubtedly must be placed here. Wallace Creek, July 29, 1894 (No. 677). Eriogonum microthecum, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. (II) 1 : 162 (1848). Both frequent and abundant. Laramie at various times (Nos. 329 and 1138); Sweetwater, Sep- tember 12, 1894 (No. 1188). 174 Wyoming Experiment Station. Eriogonum ovalifolium, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 50 (1834). In dry sandy soil on the plains ; frequent. Laramie, May 29, 1894 (No. 70); Hutton ranch, June 19, 1894 (No. 278). Eriogonum subalpinum, Greene, Pitt, xiii, part 13, 18 (1896). This recently described species, founded, seemingly, on unimport- ant characters I believe to be a valid one. The eight specimens in our herbarium labelled E. timbellaiian fall readily into the two groups made by Prof. Greene. At different times the writer has brought in the two forms from the field fully convinced that they were different and yet unable to separate them by any marked botanical characters, though so readily distinguished in the field. Laramie Hills, July 7, 1894 (No. 346); Tetons, August 22, 1894 (No. 975); others from Laramie. Eriogonum umbellatum, Torr. -Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii, 241 (1828). Pole Creek, July 2, 1895 (No. 1419); Laramie Hills at various times. Polygonum amphibium, L. Sp. PI. 361 (1753). Observed only in the Platte River near Fairbanks, but undoubt- edly found elsewhere. July 15, 1894 (No. 551). Polygonum aviculare, L. Sp. PI. 362 (1753). A common dooryard weed. Laramie, September 24, 1894 (No. 1173). Goose Grass. Polygonum bistortoides, Pursh, Fl. i, 217 (1814). Frequent in grassy valleys. Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892; Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 1024). Polygonum convolvulus, L. Sp. PL 364 (1753). Waste and cultivated ground ; Experiment Farm, September 15, 1894 (No. 1140); Popo Agie river, August 1, 1894 (No. 714). Polygonum Douglasii, Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad, iii, 125 (1885)- In dry ravines ; Sybille Creek, July 7, 1894 (No. 307); Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1591). Polygonum erectum, L. Sp. PI. 363 (1753). Infrequent; on the bank of Blue Grass Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 364). First Report 07i the Flora of Wyoming. 175 Polygonum - h/diuplpd, l. Sp. PI. 361 (1753). In a wet place on the banks of a small stream near Lusk, July 21, 1894 (No. 576). Polygonum minimum, Watson, Bot. King Surv. v, 315 (1871). I refer our specimens to this with some doubt ; they are larger than the type and less pubescent. La Plata Mines, August 24, 1895 (No. 1833) Polygonum nodosum, Pers. byn. i, 440 (1805). P. lapathifoUum 710- dosum, (Pers.) Small. From Wheatland, August 1892, by B C. Buffum. Polygonum Persicaria, L. Sp. PI. 362 (1753). As a weed on the Sheridan Experiment Farm, September 1895, by J. F'. Lewis. Smart Weed. Polygonum ramosissimum, Mich.x. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 237 (1803). Frequent and variable, some of the specimens approaching P. Tenue. Sugg's Road, August 20, 1892; Wallace Creek, July 29, 1894 (No. 671); Green River, August 14, 1894 (xNo. 888). Polygonum viviparum, L. Sp. PI. 360 (1753). Frequent in the higher mountains. Fort Laramie, September 5, 1892; Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 842). Oxyria digyna, Campd. Rum. 155, t. 3, f. 3 (1819) \'ery frequent in shaded places and under overhanging cliffs, 8,000-9000 ft. Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (No. 662); Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1620). Rumex Crispus, L. Sp. PI. 335 (1753). Platte River, July 14,1894 (No. 495); Laramie, September 20, 1894 (No. 1147). Rumex maritimus, L. Sp. PI. 335 (1753). In saline soil ; not frequent. Clark's Ranch on Wind River, August 10, 1894 (No. 769); Sheridan, September 1895, J. F. Lewis. Rumex occidentalis, Watson, Proc, Am. Acad, xii, 253 (1876). Under this name are a number of specimens, some immature, and only the following typical : —13 I ']^ Wyoming Experiment Station. Wallace CreeC July 29, 1894 (No. 561); Centennial Valley, Au gust 16, 1895 (No. 1752). Rumex paucifolius, Nutt. Ms. in Herb. Gray. R. Geyeri, (Meisn.) Trelease. Abundant in subalpine parks ; Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 855); also observed in the Medicine Bow Mountains. Rumex salicifolius, VVeinm. Flora, iv, 28 (1813). Frequent and somewhat variable in general appearance. Whalen Canon, July 17 1894 (No. 561); Laramie, July 23, 1895 (No. 1449). Rumex venosus, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 733 (1814). Frequent about sand dunes on the plains. Laramie, June 3, 1894 (No. 156). EL^AGNACE^. Eleagnus argentea, Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 114 (1814). Very frequent on the Wind Rivers. Fort Washakie, August 5, 1894 (No. 703). Shepherdia argentea, Nutt. Gen. ii, 240 (1818). Lepargyraa argentea, (Nutt.) Greene. Biifalo Berry. Common on the Platte ; Bessemer, July 26, 1894 (No. 636). Shepherdia Canadensis, Nutt. Gen. ii, 241 (1818). Lepargyraa Can- adensis, (L.) Greene. Common on moist and partially shaded slopes in the mountains. Laramie Hills, May 12, 1894 (No. 25). Garfield Peak, July 29, 1894 (No. 687); Laramie Peak, August 5, 1895 (No. 1585). LORANTHACEiE. Arceuthobium Americanum, Engelm. PI. Lindl. ii, 214 (1850). RazoMniofskya Americana, (Engelm.) Kuntze. Infrequent; at Keystone, Medicme Bow Mountains, 1893, W. C. Knight. SANTALACEiE. Comandra pallida, DC. Prodr. xiv, 636 (1857). Frequent on dry slopes throughout the state. Table Mountain, June 2, 1894 (No. 105); Gros Ventre River, August 18, 1894 (No. 1091). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 177 EUPHORBIACE^. Euphorbia dentata, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 211 (1803). Infrequent; observed but once; Hartville, July 15, 1894 (No, 549). Euphorbia dictyosperma, Fisch. and Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. li, 37 (1835). On sand dunes near Mexican Mines, July 21, 1894 (No. 581). Euphorbia Fendleri, T. & G. Pac. R. R. Rep. ii, 175 (1855). Our Euphorbias seem to be confined to the warm sandy plains and canons of the eastern part of the state, particularly to the region of the Platte. This from Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 472). Euphorbia glyptosperma, Engelm.Bot. Mex. Bound. Serv. 187 (1859). Quite frequent ; Wheatland, June 29, 1891; Blue Grass Hills, July 8, 1894 (No. 370). Euphorbia hexagona, Nutt. Spreng. Syst. iii, 791 (1826). In a sandy canon leading to the Platte, Fairbanks, July 13, 1894 (No. 436). Euphorbia montana, Engelm. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 192 (1859). This is probably common throughout the state on stony, gravelly hillsides. Inyan Kara Divide, August 29, 1892; Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 529); Pole Creek, July 1, 1895 (No. 1400). Euphorbia petaloidea, Engelm. 1. c. Not infrequent on sandy river bottonis. Uva, July 10, 1894 (No. 399); Willow Creek, July 22, 1894 (No. 631). Croton Texensis, Muell, Arg. in DC. Prodr. XV, part 2, 692 (1862). On sandy river bottoms in the eastern part of the state. Fairbanks, July 12, 1894 (No. 428); also at Fort Laramie. URTICACEiE. Humulus Lupulus, L. Sp. PI. 1028 (1753). Not infrequent in copses on river bottoms and in ravines. Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 513). U^ild Hops. Urtica Breweri, Watson, Proc. Am. Acad, x, 348 (1875). Abundant in Centennial Valley; not observed elsewhere; June 8. 1895 (No. 1273); August 25, 1895 (No 1862). Nctile. 1 78 IVyojuing' Experiment Station. Urtica gracilis, Ait. Hort. Kew. iii, 341 (1789). Exceedingly abundant in copses on most streams. Mexican Mines, July 20, 1894 (No. 590). Parietaria Pennsylvanica, Muhl. Willd Sp. PI. iv, 955 (1805). Infrequent; Fairbanks, July 13, 1894 (No. 441). CUPULIFER^. Betula glandulosa, Mich. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 180 (1803), On the stony banks of subalpine streams. Warm Spring Creek, August 10, 1894 (No. 799). Mountain Birch. Betula occidentalis, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 155 (1839). Supposedly common on our streams, especially in the northeast, but only collected at Laramie Peak, August 8, 1895 (No. 1647). Western Birch. Alnus incana virescens, Wats. Bot. Cal. ii, 81 (1880). Frequent and abundant on our mountain streams, sometimes attaining the size of small trees. Big Wind River, August 8, 1894 (No. 728); Cummins, July 29, 1895 (No. 1531); also in Centennial Valley. Alder. Quercus undulata, Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii, 248 (828). This is reported abundant in the Black Hills, to which region it is probably confined ; so far as known it is our only Oak. Sundance, July 22, 1891, by B. C. Buffum. SALICACE^.* Salix arctica petrsea, Anders. Infrequent ; not observed by the writer. Collected by B. C. Buffum, Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892. Salix alba x fragllis, Wienmer. This Hybrid is among those in the City Park, October 1, 1894 (No. 1199). Salix amygdaloides, Anders. Ofv. Handl. Vet. Akad. 1858, 114 (1858). Typical specimens from Snake River, August 21, 1894 (No. 978). My specimens from Big Popo Agie River, August 2, 1894 (No. 738) * The Willows wore in large part determined by the late Mr. Bebb ; those collected in iSgs only, by Mr. M. L. Fernald. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 179 were designated by Mr. Bebb as ''forma sat siui^utaris," on account of the occurrence in the same individual of the following peculiar- ities : Leaves unusually short and broad, coarsely serrate and very conspicuously stipulate. Salix Candida, Fleugge, Willd. Sp. PI. iv, 708 (1806). Observed only in Centennial Valley, August 20, 1895 (No. 1755). Salix chlorophylla, Anders. Monogr. 138 (18(>7). Widely distributed; Union Pass, August 13, 1894 (No. 1029); Centennial Valley, August 19, 1895 (No. 1741). Salix cordata, Muhl. Neue Schr. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin, iv, 23(3 (1803). Collected but once; Laramie Peak, August 6, 1895 (No. 1598). Salix curtiflora, (Anders ) Bebb. This very rare plant from two localities ; not reported from this state before, I think, except by Mr. Tweedy. Boulder Creek, August 26, 1894 (No. 1122); Centennial Valley, August 19, 1895 (No. 1754). Salix desertorum, Rich. App. Frank, Journ. 371 (823). On a hummocky heath in Centennial Valley, August 20, 1 895 (No. 1759). Salix desertorum elata, Anders. Rare, alpine ; Union Peak, August 13, 1894 (No. 1072); LaPlata Mines, August 22, 1895 (No 1818). Salix desertorum fruticulosa, Anders. Infrequent in an open, heathlike park in Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 913). Salix flavescens, Nutt. Sylv. i, 65 (1842 53). This beautiful species is the first to put out its blossoms of all our • willows ; the leaves follow very tardily. Thus far noted only in the Laramie range ; Pole Creek, May, 12, 1894 (No. 24) and at various other times; Laramie Peak, August 6, 1895 (No. 1586). Salix lasiandra Fendleriana, (Anders.) Bebb. Not infrequent; Popo Agie River, August 2, 1894 (No. 737); Pole Creek, June 30, 1895 (No. 1434). Salix leucosericea, Nob. n. sp. In communicating this name to-me Mr. Bebb made the following comments upon the species : " It will shortly appear as above in a i8o VVyoining Experiment Station. government report. This is the Rocky Mountain or plateau mem- ber of a group which has for its eastern or Atlantic coast represent- atives, 5". sericea and S. petiolaris, and for the Pacific coast 5. mac- roc arpa.'' Rare ; observed only on Boulder Creek, August 26, 1894 (No. 1123). Salix longifolia, Muhl. Neue Schr. Ges. Nat. Fr. Berlin, iv, 238 (1803). On sand bars and creek banks everywhere, common and variable. Laramie, June 16, 1894 (No. 245); near Lander, August 3, 1894 (No. 718); Cummins, July 26, 1895; (No. 1447). Salix macrocarpa, Nutt. I suppose this to be very rare in the state. Centennial Valley, June, 9, 1895 (No. 1255). Salix monticolo, Bebb. Infrequent ; Centennial Valley, August 18, 1895 (No. 1733). Salix rostrata, Richards, Frank. Journ. App. 753 (1823). Our commonest Willoiu. Laramie, June 16, 1894 (No. 244); Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1303); also a low mountain form from Little Sandy, August 30. 1894 (No. 1130). Salix sp. Only foliage but clearly enough not any of the foregoing. Populus acuminata, Rydberg, Bull. Torr. Club, xx, 50 (1893). Our handsomest Cottonwood as well as the most rapid growing of our shade trees ; planted extensively in Laramie. Fine native specimens in Whalen Conon, July 17, 1894 (No. 560). Rydberg s Cottoiiivood. Populus angUStifolia, James, Long's Exp. i, 497 (1823). This is very frequent on the principal streams of the state, in places forming considerable bordering groves, individual trees attain- ing great size. Laramie, May 16, 1894 (No. 39). Black Cottomvood. Populus balsamifera, L. Sp. PI. 1034 (1753). This is not frequent and I have not seen it except as single trees here and there. Dubois, August 9, 1894 (No. 749); Cummins, July 29, 1894 (No. 1547). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. i8i Populus monilifera, Ait. Hort Kew. iii, 406 (1789). This species is used to some extent for shade purposes. If native in the state I have not yet observed it. Populus tremuloides, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 243 (1803). The Quaking Asp of the canons and hillsides, usually only a large shrub but in some places attaining considerable size as trees. Laramie Hills, May, 12, 1894 (No. 23); noted in scores of other places. HYDROCHARITACE^. Elodea Canadensis, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 20 (1803). Udora Cana- densis, Nutt. In the ponds and springs on the Fish Hatchery grounds where it has probably been introduced. October 18, 1893. ORCHIDACE^. •Calypso borealis, Salisb. Parad. Lond. t. 89 (1807). C. bulbosa, (L.) Oakes. This beautiful little Orchid is as rare here as elsewhere. The following students each found one specimen on a partly wooded hillside at the head of Pole Creek. May 25, J 894 (No. 61) : Lily Boyd, Tessie Welch and Ben Bartlett Listera convallarioides, (Sw.) Torr. Comp 320 (1826). Very rare, only observed once; Centennial Valley, August 17, 1895 (No. 1694). Spiranthes Romanzoffiana, Cham. Linnsa, iii, 32 (1828). Gyros- tachys Romanzoffiana, (Cham.) MacM. Abundant in a few localities; Centennial Valley, August 10, 1895 (No. 1663). Habenaria gracilis, (?) Watson. The following numbers, (420 and 1706) appear in our herbarium as H. hyperborea, but re-examination shows that they should probably be referred as above. Frequent in marshy places. Chugwater Creek, July 7, 1894 ; Centennial Hills, August 17, 1895. Habenaria hyperborea, R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew, Ed. 2, v, 203 (1813). Specimens only from Big Wind River, August 8, 1894 (No. 725). 1 82 Wyouiing Experiment Station. Habenaria obtusata, Richards. App. Frank. Journ. 750 (1823). Very rare ; Cummins, July .30, 1895 (No. 1544). IRIDACE.E. Iris Missouriensis, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii, 58 (1834). Frequent on creek and river bottoms. Laramie, June 18, 1894 (No. 260); Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1268). Sisyrinchium Bermudiana, L. Sp. PI. 954 (1753). The specimens before me show the characters which were sup- posed to separate 6". angiistifoliiis and S. mucronatinn, but the length of the spathes and the breadth of the wings are far from con- stant. It is well to unite them under this earlier name. Laramie, June 1894 (No. 239); Wind River, at Dubois, August 10, 1894 (No. 767); in various other places. LILIACE^. Streptopus amplexifolius, DC. Fl. Fran, iii, 174 (1805). In copses on mountain sides; Laramie Hills, June 28,1891; Laramie Peak, Angust 6, 1895 (No. 1580). Smilacina amplexicaulis, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil, vii, 58 (1834). Wii^tiera amplexicaulis, (Nutt.) Greene. Very rare ; thus far only observed on Casper Mountain, July 26,. 1894 (No. 610). Smilacina stellata, Desf. Ann. Mus. Paris, ix, 52 (1807). Va^nera stellata, (L.) Greene. Frequent and abundant in the meadows bordering on all our streams. Horse Creek, June 9, 1894 (No. 155); Platte River, July 24, 1894 (No. 632). Yucca angustifolia, Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. 227 (1814). Y. glatica, Nutt. Frequent on sandy, gravelly hillsides. Cummins, July 27, 1895 (No. 1460). Spanish Bayonet. Leucocrinum montanum, Nutt, Gray, Ann. N. Y. Lye. iv, 110 (1837). Very common on the plains and foothills. Laramie, May 15, 1894 (No. 1226); also from Table Mountain. White Mountain Lily. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 183 Allium acuminatum, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 184, t. 146 (1840). On the Platte River, 1891, B. C. Buffum. Allium brevistylum, Watson, Bot. King Exp. 350 (1871). Frequent in rich loam soil in copses. Big Horn Mountains, July 1892; Centennial Hills, August 1895 (No. 1704). Allium cernuum, Roth. Roem. Arch. Bot. i, part 3, 40 (1798). Very frequent ; Inyan Kara Divide, August 31,1892; Garfield Peak. July 29, 1894 (No. 661); Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1633). Allium Nuttallii, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad, xiv, 227 (1879). Not infrequent on gravelly river bottoms and hillsides. Laramie, June 19, 1894 (No. 263); Pole Creek, June 30, 1895 (No. 1382). Allium reticulatum, Don. Mem. Wern. Soc. vi, 36 (1826 31). The earliest and commonest Wild Onion on the plains. Laramie, June 15, 1894 (No. 222); Pole Creek, June 29, 1895 (No. 1353). Allium Schoenoprasum, L. Sp. PI. 301 (1753). In wet places in the mountains. Green River, August 15, 189-i (No. 907); La Plata Mines, Au- gust 23, 1895 (No. 1788). Fritillaria atropurpurea, Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. vii. 54 (1834). This is very rare ; single specimens from the east slope of the Laramie Hills in June by B. C. Buffum, and on two occasions by Noah Wallis. Erythronium grandiflorum, Pursh. Fl. i, 231 (1814). Infrequent; alpine or at least subalpine. Bald Mountain, August 16,1892; La Plata Mines, August 22, 1895 (No. 1796). Calochortus Gunnisoni, Wats. Bot. King's Exp. 348 (1871). Among the sage brush in the valleys. Sybille Creek, July 8, 1894 (No 319); Cummins, July 26, 1895 (No. 1451). Calochortus Nuttallii, T. & G. Pac. R. R. Rep. ii, 124 (1855). In similar locations and nearly resembhng the preceding but for the anthers and glands. Laramie Hills, June 18. 1891 ; also July 7, 1894 (No. 413). Wyo7ni7ig Experiment Station. Disporum trachyearpum, B. & H. Gen. PI. iii, 832 (1883). In copses on mountain rivulets. Casper Mountain, July 26, 1894 (No. 609); Centennial Valley, June 9, 1895 (No. 1277). Zygadenus elegans, Pursh. Fl. Am. Sept. 241 (1814). Frequent ; in wet, grassy places near streams. Chugwater Creek, July 7, 1894 (No. 421); Cummins, July 27, 1895 (No. 1453). Zygadenus Nuttallii, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad xiv, 279 (1879). Abundant on sandy plains and in the foothills. Laramie, June 16, 1894 (No. 254); observed in many localities. COMMELINACE^. Tradescantia Virginiana, L. Sp. PL 288 (1753). Probably confined to the eastern part of the state. Platte River, July 14, 1894 (No. 492). JUNCACE.S.* Juncus Balticus, Willd. Berlin Mag. iii, 298 (1809). Very frequent in wet ground near streams. Laramie, June 16, 1894 (No. 243). Juncus bufonius, L. Sp. PI. 328 (1753). Frequent about spring bogs and in occasionally flooded ditches. Cold Springs, Fairbanks, July 13, 1894 (No. 437); Centennial Valley, August 25, 1895 (No. 1851). Juncus longistylis, Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 223 (1859). Infrequent; Centennial Valley, August 18, 1895 (No. 1716). Juncus Mertensianus, Bong. This is of frequent occurrence in the higher mountains. La Plata Mines, August 22, 1895 (No. 1791). Juncus nodosus, L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 466 (1762). Frequent; Laramie, September 1892; Little Sandy, July 1892; Wolf Creek, August 1892, by B. C. Buffum. * For some further notes, upon this and the order Cyperaceas, see Bulletin No. i6 of this Station, by B. C. Buffum. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 185 Juncus Parryi, Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad, ii, 447 (1866). Alpine: Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 981); La Plata Mines, August 24, 1895 (No. 1831). Juncus subtriflorus, (May.) Coville, Contrib. Natl. Herb, iv, 208 (1893). La Plata Mines, at about 11,000 ft., August 23, 1895 (No. 1812). Juncus tenuis, Willd. Sp. PI. ii, 214 (1799). Lander, August 3, 1894 (No. 699). Juncus tenuis congesta, Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad, ii, 446 (1866). Infrequent ; Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1631). Juncus Torreyi, Coville. Cold Springs, July 14, 1894 (No. 449); Teton Mountains, August 21, 1894 (No. 956). Juncus xiphioides montanus, Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad, ii, 481 (1868). Centennial Valley, August 18, 1895 (No. 1731). Luzula spadicea parviflora, Meyer, Linn^ea, xxii, 402 (1849). Jun- coides parvifloniin, (P^hrh.) Coville. Not infrequent; Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 846). Luzula spadicea subcongesta, Watson, Bot. Cal. ii, 202. In boggy places and partially dried up ponds. Centennial Valley, August 16, 1895, and June 9, 1895 (No. 1261). Luzula spicata, DC. Fl. Fr. iii, 161 (1805). Jitncoides spicatum, (L.) Coville. Alpine; Union Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 847); noted also in the Medicine Bow Mountains TYPHACEiE. Typha latifolia, L. Sp. PI. 971 (1753). Common in the margins of lakes and ponds. Popo Agie River, August 1, 1894 (No. 734); abundant in the vicinity of Laramie. ALISMACE^. Alisma Plantago, L. Sp. PI 342 (1753). Rare ; not observed by the writer. Dutch Creek, Sheridan County, 1892, by B. C. Buffum. 1 86 Wyoining Experiment Station. Sagittaria arifolia, (?) Nutt. in Herb. S. variabilis minor, Pursh. I have some hesitancy in referring it as above, but it is the best disposition I can make of it at present. Collected in a marshy meadow stream near Lusk, July 21, 1894 (No. 577). Sagittaria latifolia, Willd. Sp. PI. iv, 409 (1806). Probably rare; Wheatland, August 11, 1891, B. C. Buffum. NAIADACEiE. Triglochin maritima, L. Sp. PI. 339 (1753). Common in alkali marshes. Alkali Springs. July 30, 1894 (No. 745); also from Wind River, Laramie and other localities. Triglochin palustris, L. Sp. PI. 388 (1753). In similar locations; Wind River, August 8, 1894 (No. 759). Potamogeton pectinatus, L. Sp. PI. 127 (1753). In the Laramie River, August 9, 1895 (No. 1668.) CYPERACE^. Eleocharis corapressa, Sull. Am. Journ. Sci. Ixii, 50 (1842). E. acu- ?iiinaia, (Muhl.) Nees. As yet only from the Big Horn Mountains, July 1892, B. C. Buffum. Eleocharis olivacea, Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. iii, 300 (1836). Not infrequent in partially submerged ground. Laramie, June 28, 1894 (No. 289); Cold Springs, July 14, 1894 (No. 455). Eleocharis ovata, Roem. & Schult. Syst. ii, 152 (1817). Specimens in the World's Fair collection secured in 1892. Scirpus atrovirens, Muhl. Gram. 43 (1817). Very common in marshy ground about springs and ponds. Mexican Mines, July 20, 1894 (No. 591); Muddy Creek, August 25, 1894 (No. 1109). Scirpus lacustris, L. Sp. PI. 48 (1753). Rare; noted only at Cold Sprins^s, Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 454).; First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 187 Scirpus pungens, \'ahl. Enum ii, 255 (1806). S. Atnericanus , Pers. Frequent; Cold Springs, Fairbanks, July 14, 1894 (No. 450). Scirpus sylvaticus digynus, Boeckl. Linna;a, xxxvi, 727 (1870). S. tnicrocarpus, Presl. Infrequent; excellent specimens from Laramie Peak, August 6, 1895 (No. 1605). Eriophorum polystachyon, L. Sp. PI. 52 (1753). Infrequent; Crazy Woman Creek, August 7, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Carex alpina, Sw. Lilj. Sv. Fl. Ed. 2, 26, (1798). Probably rather rare ; head of Crazy Woman Creek, August 7, 1892 Carex athrostachya, Olney, Proc. Am. Acad, vii, 393 (1868). F'rom Saratoga, August 18!:)2. Carex atrata, L. Sp. PI. ii, 976 (1753). Infrequent; alpine; La Plata Mines, August 23, 1895 (No. 1811). Carex aurea, Nutt. Gen. ii, 205 (1818). Rare; Wolf Creek. August 18, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Carex canescens, L. Sp. PL 974 (1753). Centennial Hills, August 18, 1895 (No. 1730). Carex deflexa media, Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, i, 42 (1889). Big Sandy, July 1892, B. C. Buffum. Carex Douglasii, Boott. Hook. Fl Bor. Am. ii, 213, t. 214 (1840). Secured m the Big Horn Mountains, August 8, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Carex festiva. Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. xxix, 246 (1836). Very abundant and apparently throughout the state. Big Sandy, July, 1892; Laramie, June 28, 1894 (No. 288); also from Laramie Peak and Medicine Bow Mountains, in 1895 (Nos. 1615 and 1786). Carex filifolia, Nutt. Gen. li, 204 (1818). Infrequent; Wheatland, August, 1891. Carex geyeri, Boott. Trans. Linn. Soc. xx, 118 (1846). Big Sandy, July, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Carex Liddoni, Boott. Big Horn Mountains, July 1892, B. C. Buffum. Carex marcida, Boott. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 212, t. 213 (1840). In Carbon County, June 1892, B. C. Buffum. 1 88 Wyoming Experiment Station. Carex Nebraskensis, Dewey, Am. Journ. Sci. (II) xviii, 102 (1854). This is a very common species in wet soil everywhere, even in soils with a considerable percentage of alkali ; Laramie, June 19, 1894 (No. 274); Table Mountain, June 2, 1894 (No. 130). Some specimens by B. C. Buft"um are marked C. Nebraskensis prcEvia, Bailey, and it is not clear from the specimens nor from the literature at hand that they are different from the species. Carex occidentalis, Bailey. Apparently rare; Laramie Peak, August 6, 1895 (No. 1614). Carex Pennsylvanica, Lam. Encycl. iii, 388 (1789). Common on fertile hillsides among sage brush and other under- shrubs. Crook county August, 1892; Pole Creek, May 25, 1894 (No. (39). Carex pratensis, Drejer, Rev. Crit. Car. Bor. 24 (1841). Head of Crazy Woman Creek, August 8, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Carex Raynoldsii, Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. xxxii, 39 (1837). Infrequent; Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Carex siccata, Dew. Am. Journ. Sci. x, 278 (1826). Abundant in native meadows on alkali soil. Laramie, June 1, 1894 (No. 65). Carex stenophylla, Wahl. Kongl. Acad. Handl. (II.) xxiv, 142 (1803). Exceedingly abundant on the Laramie Plains in both dry and wet soil, the earliest Sedge, springing up as almost the first vegetation. Laramie, May 16, 1894 (No. 19) ; at various other times. Carex straminea brevior, Dew. Rare; Lusk. July 21. 1894 (No. 586). Carex straminea mirabilis, (Dew.) Tuck. Enum. Meth. 18 (1843). Specimens communicated by J. F. Lewis, of the Sheridan Exper- iment Farm, September 1, 1895. Carex tenella, Schk. Riedgr. 23, Fig. 104 (1801). Some specimens from Wolf Creek, August 18, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Carex Tolmiei, Boott. Table Mountain, June 2, 1894 (No. 100); also from the Big Horn Mountains, August 6, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Carex utriculata, Boott. Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. ii, 221 (1840). Infrequent ; Muddy Creek, August 25, 1894 (No. 1108). First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 189 Carex utriculata minor, Boott. 1. c. This seems to be of more frequent occurrence than the species. Saratoga, 1891, by J. D. Parker; Laramie River, in Laramie county, September, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Carex sp. Somewhat resembling C. Nebraskeiisis, but with culms several times as long as the leaves ; spikes few, the terminal one much the longer. Cold Springs, at Fairbanks, July 13, 1894 (No. 447). GRAMINE^.* Andropogon provincialis, Lam. Encycl. i, 376 (1783). Common in the eastern part of the state. Wheatland, July, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Andropogon scoparius, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i, 57 (1803). Frequent; Hartville, July 18, 1894 (No. 531); also by B. C. Buffum, 1892. Panicum capillare, L. Sp. PI. 58 (1753). Common in all parts of the state. Crook county, 1892; Fairbanks, July 15, 1894 (No. 553); Sheri- dan Experiment Farm, September 1, 1894. Old Witch Grass. Panicum Crus-galli, L. Sp. PI. 56 (1753). Presumably introduced but often found where such introduction would not be suspected. Cummins, July 29, 1895 (No. 1500); Sheridan, September 1, 1895, J. F. Lewis. Panicum sanguinale, L. Sp. PI. 57 (1753). Very generally introduced. Lander, June 1892; noted in other localities. Panicum scoparium, Lam. Encycl. iv, 744 (1797). Infrequent ; Whalen Canon, July 18, 1894 (No. 516). Panicum virgatum, L. Sp PI. 59 (1753). Fort Laramie, September, 1892, B. C. Buffum; Sheridan, Sep- tember, 1895. * The Grasses were determined in part by each of the following : Dr. W.J. Beal Dr.F. Lamson-Scribner and Prof. B. C. Buffum. For further notes upon them see '■ Grasses and Forage Plants," Bulletin No. 16 of this Station, by R. C. Buffum. igo Wyoming Experunent Station. Setaria viridis, Beauv. Agrost. 51 (1812). Chamceraphis viridis, (L.) Porter. A troublesome weed in cultivated ground. Wheatland, August 11, 1891. Meadow Fox-tail. Cenchrus tribuloides, L. Sp. PL 1050 (1753). Common on the sandy plains of the Platte. Fort Laramie, September 5, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Sand Bur. Phalaris arundinacea, L. Sp PI. i, 55 (1753). Collected in 1891 ; no other data. HierocMoa borealis, R. & S. Not frequent; Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892. Aristida purpurea, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.) v, 145 (1833-37). h.. fasciculata, Torr. Whether specimens are typical or belong to one of the varieties of this species I am unable to say. This form is common in the state. Wheatland, July, 1891 ; Whalen Canon, July 19, 1894 (No. 539). Stipa comata, Trin. and Rupr. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. (\T) v, 75 (1842). Frequent on the plains and in dry valleys ; when mature an annoying and worthless grass. Laramie, June 17, 1891 ; June 28, 1894 (No. 284). Stipa spartea, Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. 6, i, 82 (1829). On the plains of the eastern part of the state, 1891. Stipa viridula, Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. ser. 6, v, 39 (1836). Big Sandy, Fremont county, July, 1892. Oryzopsis exigua, Thurb. Bot. Wilkes Exp. 481. Hitherto, it seems, reported only from Oregon and Washington. Big Sandy, in the Wind River Mountains, July 22, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Oryzopsis menbranacea, Vasey, Grasses S. W. part 2, t. 10 (1891). Very abundant on the plains and in the foothills. University Campus, September 16, 1894 (No. 1137); noted in many other places. Mountain Rice. Muhlenbergia comata, Benth. Vasey's Cat. Grasses U. S. 39 (1885). Spring Creek, Big Horn Mountains, August 5, 1892. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 191 MuUenbergia dumosa, Scrib. in Vasey, Contr. Nat. Herb, iii, 71. Frequent in tlie eastern part of the state. Whe.Uland, August 16, 1891. Muhlenbergia glomerata, Trin. Unifl. 191 (1824). M. racemosa, (Michx.) B. S. P. From Wolf Creek, Rawhide Creek and Fort Laramie, 1892, B. C. BufTum. Muhlenbergia gracilis breviaristata, Vasey, Rothr. in Wheeler's Rep. vi. 284. Plumbago Canon, July 1891. Pbleum alpinum, L. Sp PI. 59 (1753). Common in the alpine region of all our mountain ranges. Union Pass, August 10, 1894 (No. 863); La Plata, August 22, 1895 (No. 1781). Wild Timothy. Alopecurus geniculatus fulvus, ( J. E. Smith) Scrib. List. Pterid & Sperm. 38 (1894). Frequent; Whalen Canon, July 19, 1894 (No. 544); Centennial Valley, August 18, 1895 (No. 1721). Sporobolus airoides, Torr. Pac. R. R. Rep. vii, part 3, 21 (1856). Fort Washakie Hot Springs, July, 1892, B. C. BufTum. Sporobolus asperifolius, Thurb. in Wats. Bot. Cal. ii, 269 (1880). Probably infrequent ; Cheyenne, August, 1891. Sporobolus cryptandrus, Gray, Man. 576 (1848). Rather frequent, on dry ridges. Wheatland, September 8, 1892; Fairbanks, July 13, 1894 (No. 435). Sporobolus cuspidatus, Scribn. Bull. Torr. Club, x, 63 (1882). S. brev- ifolius, (Nutt.) Scribn. Fremont county, July, 1892. Sporobolus heterolepis, Gray, Man. 576 (1848). Crook county, August, 1892. Agrostis alba, L. Sp. PI. 63 (1753). Common; Crook county, 1892; Laramie, October 6, 1894 (No. 1172). Agrostis asperifolia, Trin. Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. Sci. Nat. ser. 6, 318 (1845). Infrequent; Centennial Valley, August 18, 1895 (No. 1719). — 14 192 Wyoming Experiment Station. Agrostis exarata, Trin. Unifl. 207 (1824). Head of Rawhide Creek, August 1892. Agrostis humilis, \'asey, Bull. Torr. Club, x, 21. Alpine, in wet soil; La Platta Mines, August 23, 1895 (No. 1814). Agrostis scabra, Willd. Sp. PL i, 370 (1798). Frequent; Big Sandy, July, 1892; Albany county, September, 1891. Calamagrostis Canadensis, Beauv. Agrost. 15 (1812). Wind River Mountains, July, 1892. Calamagrostis confinis, Nutt. Gen. i, 47 (1818). Common ; Centennial Valley, September 7, 1891 ; Laramie, September 30, 1894 (No. 1179). Calamagrostis longifolia, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 241 (1840). Calamo- vilfa lo7igifolia, (Hook.) Hack. Frequent; Lander, July, 1892; Whalen Canon, July 9, 1894 (No. 536). Calamagrostis Montanensis, Scribn. Sheridan county, August, 1892. Calamagrotis neglecta, (Ehrh.) Ga?rtn. Fl. Wett. i. 94 (1799). Frequent; Big Horn Mountains, August, 1892; Orin Junction, August 14, 1891. Calamagrostis pallida, Vasey & Scribn. Eagle Rock Canon, September 22, 1891 ; also from Carbon county. Calamagrostis purpurascens, R. Br., in Rich. Bot. App. Frank. Voy. 3. Infrequent; Laramie Peak, August 7. 1895 (No. 1627). Deschampsia csespitosa, Beauv. Agrost. 160, t. 18, f. 3 (1812). Common in the mountains; Big Sandy, July, 1892; La Plata Mines, August 23, 1895 (No. 1815). Deschampsia caespitosa arctica, Vasey. Rare ; Laramie Hills, June 12. 1894 (No. 238). Trisetum subspicatum, Beauv. Agrost. 180 (1812). » Very abundant in the mountains; Big Sandy, July, 1892; La Plata Mines, August 22, 1895 (No. 1783). Trisetum subspicatum molle. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 572 (1856). La Plata, Medicine Bow Mountains, August 23, 18«5 (No. 1807). Trisetum Wolfli, Vasey. Fort Laramie, September 6, 1892, B. C. Buffum. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. 195 Danthonia Californica, Boland. Proc. Cal. Acad, ii, 182 (1862-63). Sheridan county, August, 1892. Danthonia intermedia, Vasey. Big Sandy, P'reinont county, July, 1892. Danthonia unispicata, Munro. D. Californica unispicata, Thurb. Bot. Cal. ii, 294 (1880). Apparently rare; Laramie Peak, August 7, 1895 (No. 1630). Spartina cynosuroides, Willd Enum. PI. 80 (1809). Common and widely distributed ; Inyan Kara Divide, August 30, 1892; C. Y. Ranch, on Big Muddy, July 23, 1894 (No. 599). Schedonnardus Texanus, Steud. Syn. PI. Gram. 146 (1855). S. fait- icutatus, (Nutt.) Scribn. Abundant on the plains of the eastern part of the state. Orin Junction, August, 1891. Bouteloua oligostachya,Torr. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 553 (1856). A very common grass on the plains. Wheatland, June 11, 1891 ; noted in many localities. Bouteloua racemosa, Lag. Var. Clenc. y Litter. 2 : Part 4, 141 (1805), B. curtipendula, (Michx.) Torr. This, like the preceding, is very abundant in many locahties. Inyan Kara Divide, August 30, 1892; Hartville, July 18, 1894 (No. 530). Beckmannia erucaeformis, Host. Gram. Austr. iii, 5 (1805). In swampy ground along our streams. Big Sandy, July, 1892: LTnion Pass, August 11, 1894 (No. 828); Cummins, July 30, 1895 (No. 1533). Buchloe dactyloides, Engelm. Trans. St. Louis Acad, i, 432 (1859). Bidbilis dactyloides, (Nutt.) Raf. This is still found in considerable abundance on some of our plains, but it seems that it is gradually being killed out and replaced by other grasses. Wheatland, September, 1892, and noted in many parts of the state. Buffalo Grass. Munroa squarrosa, Torr. Pac. R. R. Rep. iv, 158 (1856). Noted only in the eastern part of the state. Wheatland, August, 1891 ; Blue Grass Creek, July 8, 1894 (No. 372). 194 Wyoming Experiment Station. Phragmites communis, Tiin. Fund. Agiost. 134 (1820). P. Phrag- mites, (L.) Karst. Not noted by the writer, but fine specimens by B. C. Buffum, from Little Muddy Creek, Casper, August 12, 1891. Reed Grass. Eragrostis major, Host. Gram. Austr. 4: 14, t. 24 (1809). Sparingly introduced about Wheatland and probably in other localities; September, 1892, B. C. Buffum. Eatonia obtusata. Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 558 (1856). Frequent; Crook county, August, 1892; Fairbanks. July 14, 1894 (No. 459). Koeleria cristata, Pers. Syn. i, 97 (1812). Common everywhere ; Johnson county, August, 1892 ; Laramie, June 28, 1894 (No. 283), and noted in numerous localities. Catabrosa aquatica, Beauv. Agrost. 157, t. 19, f. 8 (1812). Throughout the state ; Crook Creek, June 28, 1891 ; Cottonwood Canon, August 4, 1895 (No. 1567). Melica bulbosa, Geyer. Infrequent; Bald Mountain, August 16, 1892. Distichlis maritima, Raf. Journ. Phys. Ix.x.xix, 104 (1818). D. spicaia, (L.) Greene. Frequent on wet alkali flats. Big Wind River, August 1. 1892; Alkali Springs, July 31, 1894 (No. 659). Poaalpina, L. Sp. PI. 67 (1753). Rare, as well as rarely beautiful ; Bald Mountain, August 15, 1892. Poa andina, Nutt. Wats. Bot King Exp. 388 (1871). P. arida, Vasey. Common on dry slopes ; Middle Pass, June 21,1892; Laramie, June 5, 1895 (No. 1245). Poa Californica, Vasey, Cat. Grasses, U. S. 81 (1885). P. Fendleriana. (Steud.) Vasey. Infrequent; Big Sandy, July, 1892. Poa csesia strictior. Gray. Laramie Hills, June, 1892, B C. Buffum. Poa cuspidata, Vasey. Carbon county, June, 1892; La Plata Mines, August 22, 1895 (No. 1782). Poa laevis, Vasey. Carbon county, June, 1892. First Report on the Flora of Wyoming. _ 195 Poa nemoralis, L. Sp. PI. 69 (1753). This is of frequent occurrence; Big Sandy, July, 1892 ; Laramie, June 19, 1S94 (No. 272). Poa Nevadensis, Vasey, Bull. Torr. Club, x, G6 (1883). I am unable to say whether this is frequent or not. I notice it mentioned by others as a valuable forage grass. Specimens at hand only from Big Sandy, July, 1892. Poa occidentalis, Vasey. This fine species is common on the streamy near Laramie ; Fish Hatchery, July, 1891 ; Laramie River, June 22, 1895 (No. 1317). Poa pratensis, L. Sp. PI.