129

G7

C.2

THE FRESH WATER

FI.URA AND FAUNA

CENTRAL PARK.

IMfELIMLNARY PAPER, WITH BIBLIOGRAPHY.

L P. GRATACAP and A. WOODWARD.

Xew Vokk :

MACGOWAN & SLIPPER, PRINTERS,

"JO Berk MAN Stueet.

ISK4.

Uli'--^'-

.KK BO'l

THE FRESH WATER

FLORA AND FAIXA

CENTRAL PARK

l'l{KI,I.MI\Alv'V I'Al'Ki;. NVnil lUIMJ(K;i!ArU V

L p. GRATACAP AND A. WOODWARD.

Nkw \t»i{K :

M \< (ioWAN \ SI,II'IM;K. IM{INri:i!S.

:«i Mir.KM AN SruKi.i.

1SX4.

(Ok '31

TIIF FHRSH WATP:K FIJ)KA ANU FAUNA OF
CEMRAL PAKK.

I'UKLIMINAKY I'Al'EK. ^VITH BIBLIOGKAIMI V.

By L p. (Ihatacap ami A. Woodward.

The fauna and flora of fresh water ponds have become
more generally studied as the limits of natural history
widened, as the iniporlant influences exercised upon the
character of water sUfpiy by organic life became known, and
as the microscope extended its conquests and improved its
powers. The ])ublicati(.)n of large and more or less exhaust-
ive treatises up(^n microscopic life have made the task sim-
pler of tindiui]: out tlie character and names and habits of the
numerous strange r)bjeets which pass b«;fore the amateur
upon the glass slide, tliough he finds identification even then
difficult, and realizes that previous experience and a long
series of observations are necessary for his progress in this
bewildering field of natural study.

The monograph of Prof. Habenhorst may be said to have
first opened u|) the field of practical examination of fresh
water alga' to general .students. His work entitled Flora
Eurtrpd^uiii Algarum Aqiut^ IJuh-iset Snhinaruiic wixs ix care-
ful revision of the work of older authorities, and established
a foundation upon which new discoveries could be establish-
ed, especiall}' as it arranged a confusing synonymy of species
in previous disorder. For American students the publica-
tion in 1874 of Dr. Wood's '• Contribution to the History of
the Fresh Water Al^a^ of X^rth Ameiica," (" Smithsonian
Contributions to Knowledge," vol. xix.) was a long wished
for help, and gave a real impetus to this study among many
to whom special papers and widely separated notices were
inaccessible or unknown.

Dr. Schwi'init//s early work on tin.' dcsniids of America
was continued by Dr. Francis Wolle, and his lists, identifi-
cations, ant.! desciiptions arc raniiliar lo students in the
Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, f(»llowed only recent-
ly by his monograph on this sul«J<(i. which must irive tlu'
study an important impetus. 'J'lie general student, in hisat
tempts to identify the ii]numerabl( and somewhat monoto-
nously varied species of diatom-, mu<l dependupon the scat-
tered publications of J. W. Briugs in i\\v. Anicriidn Jounuil
of Science and Art, and in the Pioc. B;)st()n Soc. Nat. Hist.,
of Chas. Stoddard from the sam<' .source, and of S. A. Briggs
of Chicatro, now of New York, in the /><//>. The larire and

attractive work of Dr. Henri Van Heurck on the diatoms of
Belgium forms a monograph on tiiis subject, and the Ameri-
can student should possess this work or have access to it in
his own researches, for the help it affords is very considerable.
Assistance will be obtained in the Annual Geological Rei)ort
of Indiana, 1882, in the paper and plates contributed by
Rev. Geo. L. Curtiss.

The more inviting field of protozoan investigation is for-
tunately occupied by ac exhaustive writer, and the young
microscopist will rejoice in his first amazement over these ex-
traordinary and prevalent forms, totui'ntothe sumptuous
work of Dr. Leidy upon the Fresh Water Rhizopods of
America.

Infusorial life has been treated upon with abundant ela-
boration and apparently* delightful literary skill and attract-
iveness by W. Saville Kent. These multitudinous objects,
whose swarming numbers and eccentri- motions early at-
tracted the attention of observers, in old works are describ-
ed as animalcula, a name which popularly still clings to
them. Antony Van Leeuwenhoek in 1677 published the
first account of these interesting forms, whose myriads per-
vade the waters about us, and his work was followed by
Baker (1742), Muller (1773), and others. Veritable progress
in the understanding of the real position of mfuf<oria proper
and in the separation of ihe heterogeneous group of objects
included under the name of animalcula was made by Ehren-
berg, Dujardin(1811), Von Siebold (1845), Stein (1854), Cla-
parede au^iLachmanu (1858), Max Schultze (1860), Pritchard,
and among modern auihors by Haeckel, Englemann, and
Butschli (Nature, vol. xxvii. p. 601).

The work of Mr. Kent is comprehensive to the last de-
gree, and though his views as to the generation of infusoria
and their affinUies have encountered adverse criticism, his
lists and descriptions of species and.his figures are simply un-
excelled and invaluable.

The bibliography of rotifers is quite large, and is not con-
fined to any special work ; Carpenter, Gosse, Ehrenberg,
Dujardin, Pritchard, etc., having contributed to this section
of microscopic study.

For the Crustacea the student will find less convenient and
complete works at his command. Two notable contribu-
tions, monographic in character, to this subject, have been
published by Prof. A. S. Packard and C. L. Herrick. Prof.
Packard's work is contained in the Annual Report of Hay-
den's Survey of the Territories, for 1878, part i. and treats
of the subdivision of phyllopods whose forms prevail in the
AVest and are sparingly represented in our Eastern regions.
Mr. Herrick's work represents the results of careful research

* The wrilers do not possess a^ yei a copy of tbis expensive work,
thouj^h ihey will soon doubtless liave access to it.

in the fre^^ll \\n\vv basins ol liis own Slate, Mimiesota. t"
'.vliicli he has chieMy (••'ntined his atter.lioii, principally in
the i:i<>u|)s of Cladocera and ('(>pe{)<)(la. He has surveyed
the .distrihution of species in tiie liiiled Stales and lias
prepared generic tables for determinalive study.

The " ^iicro^^•aphi(• Dictionary'Ms indispensable, and its
descriptions, references, and plates replace to some extent
the possession of the other specialtretitises.

In tlie sprinL"- of this year (18^4) the writers were reciuesled
by Mr. W. A. ConcUlin. Sui)erintendent of the Central Park
Zoological Gardens, to make an exuniination of the micro
scopic and other life contained in the lakes of Central Park.
N. V.The re(|uestw\as accompanied by a peimit to dredtre the
lakes and enjoy the irse of the park boat. The examination
made has been to some extent experimental and provisional.
Neither of us felt fully justified in undertakin/L? the labor,
as want of time, and more seriously want of experience,
would interfere with its thorouirhness, and the variety of
topics embraced in the research was thought of with appre-
hension. The temptation proved, however, stronger than,
as the result may show, oi r prudence, and the task was nn-
dertakeii. Imperfect as it is, and possibly not in every in-
stance satisfactorily authenticated, the list .so far as we know-
is the first of its kind in connection with the Central Park,
and can be at least regarded as a contribution to the natural
history of New York Island. At any rate, howevei incn«ii-
plete the list may appear, the catalogue of papers appended
to it will prove valuable, and may help to justify the papers
publication.

The two lakes whose waters were examined during tliis
past summer are situated at opposite extremities of the i)ark,
the larger eml»racing an area of 20 acres, between 74th an(i
77th Street; the smaller, at the northern end of the park, on
5th Avenue, representing a square surface of about 12 acres.
The greatest depth in either does not exceed 1:} ft. The
water supply of these ponds is (U^rived from the Croton ant!
from the surface drainage of the nei<4liboring slopes; Hie
roadways, drives, and foot-paths wliicli arrest a great part
of the rainfall in the vicinity of the lakes are drained into
underground pipes, which again empty in the lake. The
lakes are stagnant ponds, and the water is foul and impot
able. The larger and more southern lake is tenanted with
aquatic fowl belonging to the |)ark gardens, and they must
to some extent arrest the multiplication of crustaceous,
molluscous, and tish life. The various inlets, sinuosities, anil
bays along the shores were found to be good hunting places,
and we adopted the use of a surface net, which iirouglit us
many species not discovered along the margins of the jiond.
This net was a shallow i^ieve of coarse linen attached to an
iron hoop; the whole suspended from the stern of the

row boat, and pulled ihicjugh th^- water at a distance of 16
or 20 feel from the boat itself, filtered the inrushing tide,
which also kept it inflated and gathered a film of algae
(oscillatori?e) in its pores, which in turn entrapped and re-
tained associated forms. This film was washed oflP into a
saucepan, and the washings^poured into settling bottles, from
whose sediment the material for microscopic examination
was obtained. Dredging was resorteti to upon Harlem
Lake (the upper Iske). but it did not reveal any molluscous
life, though the silt drawn up contained numerous diatoms.

Our examination has not revealed as many varied forms
of life as we had expected, and among the algse we have
failed to detect forms considered as more or less prevalent
in the C rot on water. A noticeable absence of desmids and
rhizopods was something of a surprise, as also the deficient
representation of algae. One form of osciilatoria (Ochlo-
rina), however, filled the waters of the lower lake at every
point, and its waving and crowded filaments produced a
turbid and flocculent appearance thatis curiously deceptive,
resembling clouds of some impalpable precipitate in the
water. Among the threads of the osciilatoria were scat-
tered chains of auabtena and nostoc. Spirogyra in limited
and depauperate colonies were found near Ihe shore, and
braids and collections of a stigeoclonium-like algae else-
where.

Desmids are strikingly absent in our collections, but these
may be discovered by later examinations. It seems pro-
bable that the staiinant. offensive state of the water naay
exercise an injuri(ms influence on the multiplication of
these objects, and the deficiency of fresh water hasten their
death and decomposition when introduced. The diatoms
are comparatively numerous, and found in numbers among
the clusters and' knots of algae moving and disseminated
through the surface waters, and entombed in the mud of
the bottom. The infusoria in numbers exceeded all other
objects, though the species enumerated are not many.
These will be extended in future examinations. These
puzzling creatures have gi^eu us great entertainment, and
representing the nucleus of that ill-defined and chaotic
assortment of objects known as ardinalrula will have in
later and fuller lists more attention paid to them, as their
identification has been rendered more possible by the ex-
tended treatise of Saville Kent.

The Crustacea; were strikingly few in species, though in
some spots abundant in numbers; cy clops, cypris, daphnia,
being prevalent and widespread.

Rotifers were frequent: vermes were found on sticks and
through the algae, and the species of larva indicated was
seen associated with a new species (?) of spongilla to which
in the list we havi- appended a note. Among micrococci,

Vihriehacill'iHiiin\ I". .«r;y//'a//.-< abounded iu certuin pliice? whcre
here seemed unmistakable evidence of sewage oontamina-
lion. These were seen in conjunction with whirring and
infinitesimal objects, which in immense numbers were
lashing themselves ihrough the clustering mass.s of their
neiglibors, and which were believed to l)e B<i€UriumtevrruK

The species of mollusca have been almost entirely con-
fined to Harlem Lake. Phym heterosiropha and Pl<morhu<
imrrii» excepted. They were not numerous, but were
encountered alon£: the 'shores at various points, and all
belong to shore feeding species The anodontas were found
mostly represented by dead shells, but one living specimen
of A.'fluviatilis was taken. Tlieir habitat seemed to be
near and under the wooded banks of the pond. We are
indebted to Mr. C'oncklin for the lists of fishes, and we
owe to Mr. Sanderson Smith acknowledgment for identi-
fications among the mollusca.

FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE TWO LARGER FRESH WATER
LAKES OF CENTRAL PAliK. N. Y.

Protisional IM made in 1884.

ALG^.

Confervoidea.

Oscillatoria chloriua. Sph^rium sulcatum,

nigra. Bolryococcus Braunii.

" Frohlichii. Protococciis spy

Conferva sp. (?) stigeoclon- Poh^edrium spinosum.

ium (y). ! Spinilina Jenneri.

Nostoc sphcericum. \ Palmoglaea macrococca.

Anab.Tna flos-aquie. | Palmella hyalina.

gigantea. i Scytonema sp?

Spirogyra diluta. I Chantransia expansa.

Batrachospermum monili- | Scenedesmus quadricauda.
forme. " polymcrphus.

Coelosphserium dubiuin. Volvox globator.

Deitmidi<.

Closterinm Ehrenbergii. Ilyalotheca dissiliens.

griffithsii^ Ptdiastrum boryanum.

venus. '■ Staurastrum gracile.

Cosmarium mariraritiferum. I

Dinfoiiis,

Amphipleura sp V
Actinocyclus niagar.i-
Cocconeis sp?
Cyclotclla rotula.

" astra>a.

Cymbella affiuis.
Bacillaiia paradoxa.
Fragillaria capuciiia.

acuta.
Licmophoia flabellata.
Naviculasp?

" rhynchocepbalus.

" placentula.

Protozf

Navicula rhomboides.
inflata.
cuspidata.
Melosira crenulata.

crotoaensis.
Nitzscbia longissima.

" sigmoida.

Pleurosigma spenceri.
Stepbanodiscus niagartie.
SynediM capitata.

ubia.
Goiupbonema constrictum.
acuminatum,
oans, etc.

Vibrio bacilhis.
" spiralis.

Schizomycete><.

I Bacterium terrao'

Amoeba proteus.
Actinopbrys sol.

RJiizopoda.

I Cocbliopodium bilimbosum.
! Difflugia urceolata.

^pongida.

Spongilla fragibs? The specimen wbicb was identified as
tbis sponge was gathered upon tbe surface of rocks in a
stream of artificially supplied water, tributary to tbe Harlem
Lake. It was sent to Prof. E. Potts, of Philadelphia, who
kindly acknowledged it, and said that tbe weight of evidence
was in favor of Spongilla fragilis, but the absence of stato-
blasts prevented any entirely satisfactory identification.

Spongilla? sp? This specimen, which caused us consider-
able perplexity, and which may be quite wrongly classified,
was found attached to sticks of rubti.s, floating in the water,
in the form of low spine-like projections in groups, which
under tbe microscope were seen to be composed of hollow
needles irre^gularly blotched with brown patches, and quite
densely hispid with hairs of various lengtbs, wbicb seemed
fascicled. These needles or tubes were irregularly lobose
and swollen at points, and seemed striated. Tbe slender
ends were terminated by long flagellum-like hairs. Among
these moved a vermiform larva with a mop-like head of re-
curved hooks at one extremity.

//(/•'

C'othurnia sp?
Coleps hirtus.
Chilodou cucullus.
Euirlcna viridis.
Ilalteria grandinella.
Ileleromita ovata = Bodo

graudis.
KeroDa pustulata?

Monas umbra, ,
ParamfEcium caudaliim

aurelia.
Stylonichia histrlo?
'Praclielomonas sp?
Vorticella microstoma.

" sp? freeswimniing,
perhaps Triclioda.

Rodfeta.

Anurita stipitata.
Cha?tonotus squaramatu>
Colurus detlexus?
Eucblanis triqiietra?

I Noteus quadricornis.
Notommata centrura.
Rotifer vulgaris.

Anguilula tluviatilis.
Nais spv

j Hirudiuo — two species.

Crustacea.

Asellus vulgaris.
Bosmina longirostus.
Chydorus sphtericus,
Cyclops quadricornis.
Cypris fasciata.

Probably Gam^laru^
found.

Daphnia pulex.

- sp?

'• reticulata.
Gamraarus fasciatus.
Sida crystallina.

IS and G. limnreus

Bryozoa.

be

Statoblasts of Plumatella have been indicated to us by
Prof. E. Potts, but as yet no colonies of the mature organ-
isms have been found.

MolliiKca.

Anodonta tluviatilis.
implicata.
Amnicola granunj.
Limuuia coluuiella,
'• humilis.

Physa heterostropha.
Planorbis dctlcelus.

*' l>arvis.
Succinea ovalis.
liitnax ciiniicsfris.

10

Pisces.

This list was iurnislied by Supt, W. A. Concklin.

Catfish, Ainiurus melas.

Gold fish (carp), Cyprinus auratus.

Sun fish, Lepomis gibbosus.

While perch, Rocco americanus.

Yellow perch Perca americana.

Eels. Anguilla.

Killifish, Fundiilus.

Common sucker. Calostomus coraraersoni.

The above have all come through the water pipes. The
following have been placed in the ponds:

German carp, C^^prinus carpio communis.
Black bass, Micropterus salmoides.
Speckled trout, Salvelinus hoodi.
Teuch, Tinea vulgaris.

Ghelonia.
Chrj^semys picta. abundant. Chelopus guttatus.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE BIBLIOGRArHY OF FRESH-WATER

FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE UNITED STATES,

MOSTLY MICROSCOPICAL.

A. C. S.— Notes on Vampyrella Lateritia. Amer. Journ.

3Iicr. and Pop. Sci.. vol. v, pp, 105-108. New York,

1880.
Anderson, C. R. — Spores, with a Spore Glossary. Amer.

Quart. Micr. Journ., vol. i, pp. 260-268. New York,

1878-79.
Anon. — Water Colored by Algse. Amer. Month. Micr.

Journ., vol. iii, p. 94. New York, 1882.
Anon. — Unicellular Algae. Amer. Month. Micr. Journ.,

vol. iv, pp. 21-24. New York, 1888.
Anon. — Some Minute Plants. Amer. Month. Micr. Journ.,

vol. iv, pp. 26-28. New York, 1883.
Anon. — Urnatella Gracilis, a Fresh-water Polyzoan.

Science, vol. ii, pp. 789, 790, 2 woodcuts. Cambridge.

1883.
Anon. — Sense of Color of Dasplina. Amer. Month. Micr.

Journ., vol. v,.p. 77. Washington, 1884.
Akon. — Spring Collections. Amer. Month. Micr. Journ.,

vol. V, pp. 77-78. Washington, 1884. ,

Artikm;. J, C. — A Supi)<)S((I Poisonous Sejiwecd in the

Lakes of Miiuu-sota. Science, vol. ii, p. '■)'•'>'•>. (am

hrid«;e, 18h:{.
Atwood. II. F. — Volvox Giohator. Amer. .lourn. Micr

and Pop. Scienee, vol. iii, p. 117. New York, 187^.
Atwood. II. F. — Hrachionus Coniiim, a New ]^)tifer.

Amer. Month. .Micr. Journ., vol. ii. p. 102. New

York, 1881.
Atwood, H. F.— A New Kolifer. Science (Micher.s), vol.

ii, p. 235. 2 woodcuts. New York. 1881.
B.\iLEY. J. W. — A Sketch of the Infusoria, of the Family

Baciliaria. with Some Account of the .Most InterestiuL^

Species which have been found in Recent or Fossil

State in the United States. Trans. As.soc. Amer. Geol.

and Nat.. 1840-42, pp. 112-1G4, G plates. Is43.
Bailky, J. W. — Infusoria of the Mississippi River. Proc.

Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. ii. pp. 33-85. Boston, 184.").
B.ULEY, L. W.— Desraids and Diatoms. Amer. Nat., vol.

i, pp. 505. 517, 587, 5!)5. 1 plate. Salem, 1808.
Barnett. W. J. — The Ori^anic Relations of Some of ih.e

Infusoria, includin<r Investigations concerning the

Structure and Nature of the Genus Bodo (Ehr. ). Bos.

Journ. Nal. Hist., vol. vi, pp. 819-324. Boston, ls57.
Barnard, W. S. — New Rhizopods. Amer. Quart. Micr.

Journ., vol. i, pp. 83-85, 1 plate. New York, 1878-70.
BiRGE, E. A. — Notes on Crustacea in Chicago Water Sup-
ply, with Remarks on the Formation of the Carapace.

('hicago Med. Journ. and Examiner, vol. xiv, pp. 584-

590. 2 plates. Chicago, 1881.
Breckenfeld, a. H. — An Infusorian in the Water of San

Francisco. Amer. Month. Micr. Journ.. vol. v. pp.

4-5. Washington, 1884.
Briggs, S. A. — Diatomacene of Lake Michigan. The Lens,

vol. i, p. 41. Chicago, 1872.
Briggs, S. A. — Some of the Diatomace.e of Upper Lake

Huron and the Sault. The Lens, vol. i. pp. 235-237.

Chicago, 1872.
Briggs. S. A. — A Contribution toward a List of Rhode

Island Diatomace.e. The Lens,- vol. iii, pp. 1{U-1(J3.

C'hicago, 1873.
Calvin. S. — Some Ob.servations on Living Cells. Hull

Minn. Acad. Sci., vol. ii, pp. 207-228. 1881.
Cox, J. D.— Multiplication by Fission in Stenior .Mullcri

Amer. Nat., vol. x, pp. 275-278. Salem. 1S7G.
Cox. J. D. — Motion of Diatoms. Amer. Month. Micr.

Journ., vol. ii, i)p. GG-f)9. New York, IHSl.
Cox, J. D. — Some Phenomena in the Conjugation of Ac •

linophrys Sol. Amer. Month. Micr. .lourn.. vol. pp.

183-189. New York, 1881.

Cox, J. D. V — A New Daplinia. Atner. MoBth. Micr. Journ.,

vol. iv, pp. 88, 89. New York, 1883.
Cox, J. D. — Structure of the Diatom Shell. Amer. Micr.

Journ., vol. v, pp. 45-49, 66-69, 85-89. Washington,

1884.
Curtis, G. L.— Diatoms of the Waters of Indiana. Twelfth

Ann. Report State Geol. , pp. 377-384. 1882.
Cutter, E. — On the Presence of the Forms of Life in the

Central and Lateral Surface Waters. Amer. Month.

Micr. Journ., vol. i, p. 186. New York, 1880.
Chees^eman, E. L. — An Alo;8e in an Aquarium. Amer.

Month. Micr. Journ., vol. vi, p. 41. New York, 1883.
CoNGDON, E. A.— List of Rhizopods in Ponds of Richmond

Co. Proc. Nat. Sci. Ass. of St. Is., vol. i, Extra

No. 2.
CoNGDON, E. A. — Note on Difflugia. Science Record, vol.

ii, p. 164, 2 woodcuts. 1884.
CoNGDON, E. A. — A Queer Rhizopod. The Microscope,

vol. iv, p. 217, 1 woodcut. Ann Arbor, 1884.
Edwards, A. M. — What is a Desmid? Amer. Nat., vol. iii,

pp. 311, 323, 1 plate. Salem, 1870.
Edwards. A. M. — Natural History of the Diatomaceae.

Geol. of New Hampshire vol. i, pp. 416, 505.
Evarts, N. C. — A New Species of Ophrydium. Amer.

Month. Micr. Journ., vol. i, p. 1. New "York, 1880.
Eyferth, B. — The Simplest Forms of Life. Amer. Quart.

Micr. Journ., vol. i, pp. 146, 155, 225, 234, 305, 311.

New York, 1878-79.
Eyferth, B. — The Simplest Forms of Life. Amer. Month.

^licr. Journ,, vol. i, pp. 10, 12, 34, 86. Rhizopods;

Infusoria, pp. 68, 70. Flagellata, pp. 93, 95. Astasiaea,

pp. 115, 117. Cryptomonadina, 133, 134. Volvocina,

pp. 154, 156. Hydromonua, pp. 196, 197. New York,

1880.
Farloav, W. G. — Remarks on Some Algae found in the

Water Supplies of the City of Boston. 1877.
Farlow, W. G. — Swarm-spores of Closterium. Amer.

Month. Micr. Journ., vol. iii, p. 118. New York, 1882.
Fari.ow, W. G. — Relations of Certain Forms of Algae to

Disagreeable Tastes and Odors, Science, vol. ii, p. 333.

1883.
Fisher, J. H. — Notes on the Structure, Development, and

Position of an Undescribed Flagellate Infusorian.

Proc. Amer. Soc. :Micr., 1880, pp. 44, 49, 2 plates.

Buffalo, 1881.
Forbes, S. A. — On the Food of Young Fishes. Illinois

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Forbes, S. A.- On the First Food of the Whitefish.

American Field, vol. xvii, No. 2, p. 171. 1882.

18

FoHHKs, S. A. -A licmaikableNcw Hnliler. Ainer. Montli.

Mici. .louiM.. vol. iii. pp. 1(V2. 108. New York. 18^2.
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and Adjacent Water. Anier. Nat., vol. xvi. pp. 087,

542. 640, 049. 2 plates\ 1sn2.
FoiTi.KK, S. IG. — Some Phenomena in the; Life-history of

Clathrulina ele.t^ans. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1HS4, pp.

17. 11). Philadelphia, 1884
Foi'LKE, S. G. — On a New Species of Rotifer, of the

Genus Apsilus. Proc. Acad. Nat Sci.. 1884, pp. 87,

41, 1 plate. Philadelphia, 1884.
ForLKK. S. G. — Some Notes on Manayunkia specio.sa.

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1884, pp. 48, 49. Philadelphia,

1884.
Fon.KE, S. G. — A New Species of Trachelius. Proc.

Acad. Nat. Sci., 1884, pp. 51,52. 1884.
GissLEU, V. F.— Contribution.^ to the Fauna of the New

York Croton Water. Microscopical Observations dur-

ino; the Years 1870-71. New Y^ork, 1872.
GissLER, C. F. — Variations in a Copepod Crustacean.

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14

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15

KiNGSLKY, .1. I).— 'I'lic Dcvclopnu'Ul of Moina. Amer.

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16

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18

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QK 129 .G7 J.T '^"^ '^'^ ^'^

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